{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T05:45:53Z","timestamp":1785735953244,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013365","name":"West China Hospital, Sichuan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013365","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteomyelitis (OM) is an infectious disease caused by the invasion of bone tissue by pathogenic microorganisms. It is frequently associated with biofilm formation, residual sequestra, local ischemia and hypoxia, elevated oxidative stress, and immune dysfunction. Conventional treatments rely on systemic antibiotics, surgical debridement, antibiotic-loaded bone cement, and bone transport techniques. Although these approaches can control infection in some cases, they remain limited by insufficient drug penetration, nondegradable materials, the need for secondary surgery, difficulty in repairing bone defects, and the risk of recurrence. In recent years, emerging biomaterials have provided new therapeutic strategies for OM by enabling the local delivery of antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial peptides, metal ions, or gaseous molecules, often in combination with photothermal therapy, sonodynamic therapy, pH\/enzyme-responsive systems, and immunomodulation. The aim of this mini-review is to briefly summarize the pathological features of OM, outline the major design strategies of biomaterials currently used for OM treatment, and discuss the challenges associated with their clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1922621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T05:29:39Z","timestamp":1785734979000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emerging biomaterials for osteomyelitis treatment: from material design to anti-infection and tissue regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shi-Jiu","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shangjin Nanfu Hospital","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shangjin Nanfu Hospital","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shangjin Nanfu Hospital","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shangjin Nanfu Hospital","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shangjin Nanfu Hospital","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi-Rui","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Qi","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shangjin Nanfu Hospital","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.10.039","article-title":"Antibiotic delivery from bone-targeted mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the treatment of osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"154","author":"Aguilera-Correa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.5194\/jbji-10-377-2025","article-title":"Incidence of chronic osteomyelitis between 2016 and 2022 in a large, multicenter database in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Aljadani","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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