{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:02:17Z","timestamp":1789632137458,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mitochondrial dynamics has long been interpreted primarily through fission and fusion, yet tubular mitochondria can also undergo rapid pearling, a phenomenon in which elongated mitochondria reorganize into a beads-on-a-string morphology while retaining a continuous imaged contour. The occurrence and biological relevance of mitochondrial pearling require careful study. The dimensionless tension\u2013bending ratio used to organize these observations is a heuristic analogy to single-membrane tubes, not a validated quantitative model of the mitochondrial double membrane. Evidence does not yet establish a continuous sequence from pearling through coordinated outer- and inner-membrane scission to mitophagy or intercellular mitochondrial transfer; those links are therefore presented as hypotheses and testable predictions. We use the provisional term \u201ccandidate disease-associated sustained pearling phenotype\u201d only for within-study events that meet dynamic pearling criteria and show longer duration or delayed\/failed reversal relative to appropriately matched controls. No universal duration threshold or validated pearling-defined disease entity currently exists. Event duration, wavelength, un-pearling kinetics, separate outer- and inner-membrane continuity, and the fate of individual pearls should be measured together to determine whether sustained events are incidental, adaptive, or causally involved in disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1943282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T07:06:43Z","timestamp":1789628803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitochondrial pearling: membrane biophysics, Ca2+-dependent regulation, mtDNA nucleoid dynamics, and emerging links to mitochondrial quality control and neurological disorders"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fajuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xihong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1002\/embj.201386030","article-title":"Miro1 regulates intercellular mitochondrial transport and enhances mesenchymal stem cell rescue efficacy","volume":"33","author":"Ahmad","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201308006","article-title":"The i-AAA protease YME1L and OMA1 cleave OPA1 to balance mitochondrial fusion and fission","volume":"204","author":"Anand","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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