{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:55:31Z","timestamp":1790920531058,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32302729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010203","name":"Agriculture Research System of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexual dimorphism in avian skeletal muscle is established during embryogenesis, but the stage-resolved transcriptional programs governing this process in geese remain largely unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To construct a stage-specific transcriptional atlas of muscle satellite cells (SMSCs), we performed histological examination and RNA sequencing of PAX7\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      SMSCs isolated from male and female Zhedong White goose embryos across four developmental stages (E13, E15, E18, and E23). Quantitative PCR was used to validate selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although myofiber morphology exhibited no overt sexual divergence, immunofluorescence revealed distinct sex- and stage-dependent dynamics, with male embryos displaying a higher PAX7\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cell abundance at E18 and females at E23. Transcriptomic profiling identified 357, 261, 312, and 672 DEGs at E13, E15, E18, and E23, respectively, uncovering a progressively intensifying sexual bias. At E13, female-biased DEGs were enriched for positional identity genes (HOXC9\/C11, HOXD12\/13) and pro-proliferative factors (GDF7, FGF16), whereas male-biased DEGs included adhesion molecules (IGSF10\/11). At E15, females upregulated genes linked to myofiber maturation (ACTA1, MYH7B) and lipid metabolism (PLIN1, ADIPOQ), while males showed enrichment in extracellular matrix remodeling (MMP7, COL17A1) and immune-related pathways. At E18, females enhanced neuroendocrine signaling (ADCYAP1, AGTR2), whereas males upregulated contractile apparatus components (RYR1, CASQ1) and testis-associated transcripts (BRDT, DHH). By E23, females exhibited signatures of metabolic and neuromuscular optimization, whereas males showed enrichment in extracellular matrix genes (COL11A2, COL9A1\/2) and masculinization-associated factors (YBX2, GGN). Temporal pathway analysis demonstrated a progression from immune\/chemokine processes at E13, through cytoskeletal organization at E15 and supramolecular fiber components at E18, to DNA metabolism coupled with chemokine signaling at E23. Protein-protein interaction network analysis pinpointed stage-specific hub genes: EGFR (E13), ACTA1\/ADIPOQ (E15), RAC2 (E18), and GNG10 (E23). Quantitative PCR validated eight selected DEGs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collectively, this transcriptional atlas delineates sex-biased molecular dynamics that operate within the Zhedong White goose SMSC pool in the absence of conspicuous histological differences, and provides a foundational gene resource for prioritizing mechanistic investigations into sexually dimorphic muscle development, focusing specifically on the embryonic leg muscles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1957937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:36:06Z","timestamp":1790919366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stage-specific transcriptional atlas of goose satellite cells uncovers sex-biased molecular dynamics associated with embryonic skeletal muscle development"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Cui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Ningbo, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Animal Disease Control Center","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guitao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shufang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Ningbo, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daqian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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