{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T15:21:42Z","timestamp":1759936902000,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>We developed a quantitative method for analyzing nicotine and menthol in e-cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs). These products may adversely impact health through inhalational exposure to addictive and harmful chemicals. The presence of unknown substances in do-it-yourself e-liquids, counterfeits, or unregulated products may increase exposure to harmful chemicals, as underscored by the 2019 EVP use-associated lung injury (EVALI) outbreak. To minimize these risks, it is important to accurately quantify nicotine and menthol in e-liquids and aerosol emissions to evaluate EVP authenticity, verify product label accuracy, and identify potentially hazardous products. We developed a simple, versatile, high-throughput method using isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for quantifying nicotine and menthol concentrations in both e-liquid contents and machine-generated aerosol emissions of EVPs. Rigorous validation has demonstrated that the method is specific, precise (CV&amp;lt;2.71%), accurate (percent error \u22647.0%), and robust. Linear calibration ranges from 0.01 to 1.00\u00a0mg\/ml for both analytes was achieved, corresponding to expected analyte levels in e-liquids and machine-generated EVP aerosols. Limits of detection (LODs) in the final 10-ml sample extract were 0.4\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml for nicotine and 0.2\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml for menthol. The method was used to analyze aerosol emissions of 141 EVPs associated with the 2019 EVALI outbreak; detectable levels of nicotine (2.19\u201359.5\u00a0mg\/g of aerosol) and menthol (1.09\u201310.69\u00a0mg\/g of aerosol) were observed in 28 and 11%, respectively, of the samples analyzed. Nicotine was not detected in any of the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), or oil-based products, while menthol (2.95\u00a0mg\/g of aerosol) was only detected in one of these products (THC-labeled). The analytical method can be used to quantify nicotine and menthol concentrations in the e-liquids and aerosols from a range of EVPs, and these findings highlight a difference between e-cigarette and other vaping products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.754096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T17:47:45Z","timestamp":1632764865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Isotope-Dilution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Selective Detection of Nicotine and Menthol in E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Liquids and Aerosols"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 J.","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clifford H.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin C.","family":"Blount","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liza","family":"Valent\u00edn-Blasini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1916433","article-title":"Vitamin E Acetate in Bronchoalveolar-Lavage Fluid Associated with EVALI","volume":"382","author":"Blount","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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