{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T04:01:07Z","timestamp":1793160067901,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010098","name":"Shanghai Association for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carotenoids from <jats:italic>Lyciu<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>m barbarum<\/jats:italic> fruits have possessed pharmacological efficacy against eye diseases, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, the efficient extraction, rapid characterization and activities evaluation of <jats:italic>Lycium<\/jats:italic> carotenoids remains a challenge. To concentrate and characterize <jats:italic>Lycium<\/jats:italic> carotenoids, we have developed ultrasound-assisted extraction methods with different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and analyzed carotenoids by ultra-performance convergence chromatography coupled with photo diode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPC<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>-PDA-Q-TOF-MS<jats:sup>E<\/jats:sup>). DESs containing choline chloride and malonic acid presented better extraction efficiency and were more environmentally friendly than other extraction methods. Carotenoids were more quickly profiled (in 11\u00a0min) by UPC<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> compared to by UPLC (in 35\u00a0min), with seventeen main peaks were characterized in the MS fragmentation patterns. The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> 5\u03b1-reductase inhibitory activity of DESs extracts, fractions and components were subsequently assessed, and the predominant component zeaxanthin dipalmitate (ZD) exhibited potent inhibitory activity. Our study provides a chemical and pharmacological basis for the further development of potential new drugs based on <jats:italic>Lycium<\/jats:italic> carotenoids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.1052000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T07:48:34Z","timestamp":1667893714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Characterization of carotenoids in Lycium barbarum fruit by using UPC2-PDA-Q-TOF-MSE couple with deep eutectic solvents extraction and evaluation of their 5\u03b1-reductase inhibitory activity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zhonglian","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengqin","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruirong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengtao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5925","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b01407","article-title":"Selected methods of extracting carotenoids, characterization, and health concerns: A review","volume":"66","author":"Adadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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