{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:26:31Z","timestamp":1789770391163,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012612","name":"Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012612","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lichens are important sources of versatile bioactive compounds. Two new dibenzofurans <jats:bold>(1\u20132)<\/jats:bold>, a multi-substituted single benzene ring <jats:bold>(3)<\/jats:bold>, and two organic acid compounds <jats:bold>(4\u20135)<\/jats:bold> along with 25 known compounds <jats:bold>(6\u201330)<\/jats:bold> were isolated from the lichen <jats:italic>Usnea diffracta<\/jats:italic> Vain. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Compounds <jats:bold>1\u201330<\/jats:bold> were tested for inhibitory activities against <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> by the disk diffusion method and microdilution assay respectively. Compound <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold> showed moderate inhibitory activities against <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> with the inhibition zone (IZ) of 6.2\u00a0mm and 6.3\u00a0mm, respectively. Depside <jats:bold>10<\/jats:bold> exhibited good activity against <jats:italic>S.aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> with 6.6\u00a0mm and 32\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml, respectively. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of compounds <jats:bold>1, 2,<\/jats:bold> and <jats:bold>6\u20138<\/jats:bold> with the characteristic dibenzofuran scaffold were evaluated var anti-AChE assay and a molecular docking study. Compound <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold> could better inhibit AChE at the concentration of 0.3\u00a0\u03bcmol\/ml with a value of 61.07 \u00b1 0.85%. The molecular docking study also demonstrated that compound <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold> had the strongest binding affinity among the five dibenzofurans, and the \u201c-CDOCKER Energy\u201d value was 14.4513\u00a0kcal\/mol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.1063645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T19:57:08Z","timestamp":1673035028000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activities, and cholinesterase inhibitory properties of the lichen Usnea diffracta Vain"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yi-Meng","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Cong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing-Qian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Sheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2015.1007455","article-title":"Review of the biological properties and toxicity of usnic acid","volume":"29","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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