{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:23:46Z","timestamp":1792812226806,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Co-encapsulated econazole nitrate-triamcinolone acetonide loaded biocompatible, physically stable, and non-irritating mesoporous silica nanoparticles (EN-TA\u2013loaded MSNs) were prepared and optimized by using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) for providing better therapeutic efficacy against commonly prevailed resistant fungal infections. These drugs loaded MSNs can significantly overcome the deficiencies and problems like short duration of action, requirement of frequent administration, erythema, and burning sensation and irritation associated with conventional drug delivery systems. The stability of optimized drugs loaded MSNs prepared with 100\u00a0gm of oil at pH 5.6 with a stirring time of 2\u00a0h was confirmed from a zeta potential value of \u221225\u00a0mV. The remarkable compatibility of formulation ingredients was depicted by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and size analysis represented a very fine size distribution of nanoparticles ranging from 450\u2013600\u00a0nm. The CCRD clearly predicted that the optimized parameters of drugs loaded MSNs have better values of percentage yield (85%), EN release (68%), and TA release (70%). Compared to pure drugs, the decreased cytotoxicity of EN-TA\u2013loaded MSNs was quite evident because they showed a cell survival rate of 90%, while in the case of pure drugs, the survival rate was 85%. During <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> antifungal testing against <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> performed on three different groups, each consisting of six rabbits, the EN-TA\u2013loaded MSNs were relatively superior in eradicating the fungal infection as a single animal exhibited a positive culture test. Rapid recovery of fungal infection and a better therapeutic effect of EN-TA\u2013loaded MSN were quite evident in wound healing and histopathology studies. Likewise, on the 14th day, a larger inhibitory zone was measured for optimized nanoparticles (15.90\u00a0mm) compared to the suspension of pure drugs (13.90\u00a0mm). In skin irritation studies, MSNs did not show a grade of erythema compared to pure drugs, which showed a four-fold grade of erythema. As a result, MSNs loaded with combination therapy seem to have the potential of improving patient compliance and tolerability by providing enhanced synergistic antifungal effectiveness at a reduced dose with accelerated wound healing and reduced toxicity of therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.836678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T10:45:01Z","timestamp":1651574701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Enhanced Antifungal and Wound Healing Efficacy of Statistically Optimized, Physicochemically Evaluated Econazole-Triamcinolone Loaded Silica Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Safirah","family":"Maheen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hina","family":"Younis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafeez Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Salman shafqat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atta Ur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saliha","family":"Ilyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Nadeem","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Rizwan","family":"Shafqat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abul","family":"Kalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Al-Ghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-016-0609-9","article-title":"Improvement of the Ocular Bioavailability of Econazole Nitrate upon Complexation with Cyclodextrins","volume":"18","author":"Abd El-Gawad","year":"2017","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.09.007","article-title":"Development, Evaluation and Clinical Studies of Acitretin Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Topical Treatment of Psoriasis","volume":"401","author":"Agrawal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. 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