{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:30:50Z","timestamp":1777581050095,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Free radicals are chemical molecules that are more reactive and have an unpaired electron. Free radicals formed inside the cell oxidize biomolecules, leading to cell death and tissue damage. Antioxidants are molecules that can stabilize or inactivate free radicals before they damage the cell. In this study; the availability of Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Reduced glutathione levels as markers for related diseases was evaluated by examining whether and in what range they may vary in some diseases. In study, nine groups consist of prostate cancer, cirrhosis, liver transplantation, chronic kidney damage, acute kidney injury, X-ray exposure, CT exposure, MR exposure and Osteonecrosis. Analysis of means is a method developed to compare group means with the overall mean and presents the results graphically in an easy-to-understand manner without the required for any post hoc test. In addition, related characteristics were categorized as \u201clow and high\u201d and Nonlinear Principal Component Analysis was conducted to visually present their relationship with related disease types in two-dimensional space. The upper and lower decision lines were found 3.123 and 2.794\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L, respectively for Malondialdehyde. Those with cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, acute kidney disease and tomography exposure were included in the upper and lower decision lines. Those with prostate cancer, osteonecrosis, and X-ray exposure were above the upper decision line and are found higher than the overall mean. Those with lung transplantation and MR exposure appear to be below the lower decision line and lower than the overall mean. The present study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the availability of Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Reduced glutathione levels as markers for some related diseases. This study has shown that Analysis of means can be used as an alternative graphical procedure for multiple group comparisons with an overall mean in the studies regarding as biochemical characteristics and relating diseases. In addition, Nonlinear Principal Component Analysis can be useful aid for decision marker in some biochemical characteristics and related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.894547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T11:13:34Z","timestamp":1654254814000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["ANOM Approach for Statistical Evaluation of Some Antioxidant Enzyme Activities"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Canan","family":"Demir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u0131dd\u0131k","family":"Keskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"\u015een","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-091302-2.50032-3","article-title":"Catalase","volume-title":"Methods of Enzymatic Analysis","author":"Aebi","year":"1974"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.5937\/jomb0-29983","article-title":"Can We Reduce Oxidative Stress with Liver Transplantation?","volume":"40","author":"Aydin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Biochem."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12151","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws","volume":"43","author":"Bagan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"B4","first-page":"71","article-title":"Analysis of Means (ANOM) \u2013 A Statistical Method for Better Visualization of Results of Multi-Environment Trial Data of Varieties","volume":"3","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sugarcane Res."},{"key":"B5","first-page":"882","article-title":"Improved Method for the Determination of Blood Glutathione","volume":"61","author":"Beutler","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.IJOEM_198_20","article-title":"Healthcare Workers Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Response","volume":"25","author":"Bolbol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16091476","article-title":"Changes in the Selected Antioxidant Defense Parameters in the Blood of Patients after High Resolution Computed Tomography","volume":"16","author":"Bryll","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ijerph"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.14235\/bs.2016.872","article-title":"Effects of Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation on Oxidative Stress and the Total Antioxidant Status in Humans Working in Radiation Environments","volume":"4","author":"Celik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bezmialem Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072625","article-title":"An Introduction to Free Radical Biochemistry","volume":"49","author":"Cheeseman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.2478\/jomb-2019-0051","article-title":"The Impact of Obesity to Antioxidant Defense Parameters in Adolescents with Increased Cardiovascular Risk","volume":"39","author":"Colak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Biochem."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5937\/jomb0-24652","article-title":"The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Development of Obesity and Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders","volume":"40","author":"Colak","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Biochem."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.36472\/msd.v8i7.578","article-title":"Determination of risk factors using Nonlinear Principal Component Analysis in patients with breast tumour","volume":"8","author":"Demir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Discov."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0000000000005244","article-title":"Evaluation of the Relationship between Nasal Septum Deviation and Oxidative Stress Markers","volume":"30","author":"D\u00fczenli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Craniofacial Surg."},{"key":"B13","first-page":"85","article-title":"Apoptosis: The Role of Free Radicals in Physiological and Pathological States","volume":"2009","author":"Garc\u00eda-Gasca","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pro-Oxidant React. Physiological Pathological Implic."},{"key":"B14","first-page":"453","article-title":"Malondialdehyde (MDA) as a Lipid Peroxidation Marker","volume":"57","author":"Gawe\u0142","year":"2004","journal-title":"Wiad. Lek."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/41.12.1819","article-title":"Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidants as Biomarkers of Tissue Damage","volume":"41","author":"Gutteridge","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0351147","article-title":"Biochemistry of Oxidative Stress","volume":"35","author":"Halliwell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2005.10.088","article-title":"Time Course of Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Liver Transplant Recipients","volume":"37","author":"Hassan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1080\/02664763.2017.1375083","article-title":"Analysis of Means Approach for Random Factor Analysis","volume":"45","author":"Kalanka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Statistics"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"126","article-title":"ANOM Approach for the Statistical Evaluation of Organic Acid Contents of Clones of the Grape Variety 'Kalecik Karas\u0131","volume":"71","author":"Keskin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mittl. Klosterneubg."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2022.109417","article-title":"Assessment of Therapeutic Potential of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Ferula Pseudalliacea Rech. F. Plant","volume":"140","author":"Kocak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.29133\/yyutbd.674507","article-title":"Investigation of total flavonoid, DPPH radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation and antimicrobial activity of Allium schoenoprasum L. plant growing in Van Region","volume":"30","author":"Ko\u00e7ak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Yuzuncu Yil Univ. J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-03003-7","article-title":"Metagenomic Analysis of Intestinal Microbiota in Florated Rats","volume":"2021","author":"Komuroglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12071978","article-title":"Impact of Glutathione and Vitamin B-6 in Cirrhosis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Follow-Up Study","volume":"12","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(99)00075-2","article-title":"Antioxidant Enzymes and Human Diseases","volume":"32","author":"Mat\u00e9s","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-020-00491-1","article-title":"In Vitro DNA Damage, Protein Oxidation Protective Activity and Antioxidant Potentials of Almond Fruit (Amygdalus Trichamygdalus) Parts (Hull and Drupe) Using Soxhlet Ethanol Extraction","volume":"20","author":"Meydan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Tradit. Med. (Adtm)"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(94)90079-5","article-title":"Importance of Se-Glutathione Peroxidase, Catalase, and Cu\/Zn-SOD for Cell Survival against Oxidative Stress","volume":"17","author":"Michiels","year":"1994","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-008-0875-1","article-title":"Antioxidant Status of Children with Acute Renal Failure","volume":"23","author":"Mishra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080759","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Pro-inflammatory Status in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"9","author":"Monserrat-Mesquida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1198\/004017002317375109","article-title":"Exact Analysis of Means with Unequal Variances","volume":"44","author":"Nelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9780898718362","volume-title":"The Analysis of Means: A Graphical Method for Comparing Means, Rates, and Proportions. Series on Statistics and Applied Probability","author":"Nelson","year":"2005"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.4274\/balkanmedj.2018.0170","article-title":"Association between Superoxide Dismutase Isoenzyme Gene Expression and Total Antioxidant Status in Patients with an End-Stage Renal Disease","volume":"35","author":"Nini\u0107","year":"2018","journal-title":"Balk. Med. J."},{"key":"B42","first-page":"101","article-title":"Analysis of Means-A Graphical Procedure","volume":"24","author":"Ott","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ind. Qual. Control"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1080\/02664763.2015.1117584","article-title":"Analysis of Means: a Generalized Approach Using R","volume":"43","author":"Pallmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Statistics"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3109\/13813450312331342328","article-title":"Lipid Peroxidation, Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Activities in Brain Tumor Tissues","volume":"111","author":"Popov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives physiology Biochem."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118058114","volume-title":"Statistical Methods for Quality Improvement","author":"Ryan","year":"2011"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10030126","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Subjects","volume":"10","author":"Shukla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2005.12.002","article-title":"Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Networks Based on Principal Components to Predict Ozone Concentrations","volume":"22","author":"Sousa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.206446","article-title":"Effect of Hemodialysis on Oxidants and Antioxidant Factors in Chronic Renal Failure","volume":"28","author":"Tajbakhsh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saudi J. Kidney Dis. Transpl."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00702.x","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Dysregulation of Superoxide Dismutase and NADPH Oxidase in Renal Insufficiency","volume":"63","author":"Vaziri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B39","first-page":"193","article-title":"Comparison of ANOM and ANOMTR Tests with Regard to Performances","volume":"6","author":"Yigit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:98:1:13","article-title":"Antioxidant System Activation in Prostate Cancer","volume":"98","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bter"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fchem.2022.894547\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T11:13:45Z","timestamp":1654254825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fchem.2022.894547\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fchem.2022.894547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fchem.2022.894547","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"article-number":"894547"}}