{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:48:08Z","timestamp":1753890488133,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, di-[4-(N,N-ditolylamino)-phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC); 4,4\u2032,4\u2033-tri (9-carbazoyl)triphenylamine (TcTa); 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi); and 1,3,5-tri (m-pyrid-3-yl-phenyl)benzene (TmPyPB) were used to constitute the multiple-host system and fabricate solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (s-OLEDs) with europium complex Eu(DBM)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>Phen (DBM, 1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione; Phen,1,10-phenanthroline) as emitter. In order to determine the optimal composition of the multiple-host system, a series of devices with different light-emitting layers (EMLs) were fabricated and compared. Experimental results revealed that removing TmPyPB out of the multiple-host system greatly reduces the turn-on voltage, whereas the addition of TcTa to the multiple-host system helps facilitate the transfer of holes from TAPC to Eu(DBM)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>Phen molecules, thus increasing the recombination probability of carriers on emitter molecules. Finally, high performance solution-processed red OLED (turn-on voltage of 3.8\u00a0V) based on the europium complex doped multiple-host system obtained the maximum current efficiency of 2.07\u00a0cd A<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, power efficiency of 1.54\u00a0lm W<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, external quantum efficiency of 1.2%, and brightness of 945\u00a0cd m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.965927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T07:00:21Z","timestamp":1663138821000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High-efficiency solution-processed OLED based on trivalent europium complex by modifying the composition of the multiple-host system"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruixia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuaibing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8049","DOI":"10.1063\/1.373496","article-title":"Electroluminescence mechanisms in organic light emitting devices employing a europium chelate doped in a wide energy gap bipolar conducting host","volume":"87","author":"Adachi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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