{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T23:34:21Z","timestamp":1770420861636,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018560","name":"Shenzhen and Hong Kong Joint Innovation Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017607","name":"Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ternary composite with great modulation of electron transfers has attracted a lot of attention from the field of high-performance room-temperature (RT) gas sensing. Herein, walnut-like WO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-Ni\u2013graphene ternary composites were successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method for formaldehyde (HCHO) sensing at RT. The structural and morphological analyses were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SEM and TEM studies confirmed that walnut-like WO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> nanostructures with an average size of 53 \u00b1 23\u00a0nm were functionalized. The Raman and XPS results revealed that, due to the deformation of the O-W-O lattice, surface oxygen vacancies O<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub> and surface-adsorbed oxygen species O<jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub> were present. The gas-sensing measurement shows that the response of the WO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-Ni-Gr composite (86.8%) was higher than that of the Ni-Gr composite (22.7%) for 500\u00a0ppm HCHO at RT. Gas-sensing enhancement can be attributed to a p-n heterojunction formation between WO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and Ni-Gr, O<jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>, spill-over effect of Ni decoration, and a special walnut-like structure. Moreover, long term stability (%R = 61.41 \u00b1 1.66) for 30\u00a0days and high selectivity in the presence of other gases against HCHO suggested that the proposed sensor could be an ideal candidate for future commercial HCHO-sensing in a real environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.971859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T06:11:56Z","timestamp":1662703916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A novel room-temperature formaldehyde gas sensor based on walnut-like WO3 modification on Ni\u2013graphene composites"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shahid","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faheem Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhmmad Naeem","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junxian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yatao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guijun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2018.09.028","article-title":"WO3 decorated graphene nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor: A prospect for the detection of anti-anginal drug","volume":"1046","author":"Ansari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta X."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfin.2021.101694","article-title":"Substrate surface effects on electron-irradiated graphene","volume":"28","author":"Basta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surfaces Interfaces"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.10.043","article-title":"Decoration of vertical graphene with tin dioxide nanoparticles for highly sensitive room temperature formaldehyde sensing","volume":"256","author":"Bo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128331","article-title":"Formaldehyde detection with chemical gas sensors based on WO3 nanowires decorated with metal nanoparticles under dark conditions and UV light irradiation","volume":"320","author":"Bouchikhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.10.172","article-title":"Enhanced response of the photoactive gas sensor on formaldehyde using porous SnO2@TiO2 heterostructure driven by gas-flow thermal evaporation and atomic layer deposition","volume":"47","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5411","DOI":"10.1021\/ic500474j","article-title":"Zeolitic imidazolate framework as formaldehyde gas sensor","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2018.01.013","article-title":"Tandem gasochromic-Pd-WO3\/graphene\/Si device for room-temperature high-performance optoelectronic hydrogen sensors","volume":"130","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbon N. Y."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.129028","article-title":"Gas sensor towards n-butanol at low temperature detection: Hierarchical flower-like Ni-doped Co3O4 based on solvent-dependent synthesis","volume":"328","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28842","DOI":"10.3390\/s151128842","article-title":"A room-temperature operation formaldehyde sensing material printed using blends of reduced graphene oxide and poly(methyl methacrylate)","volume":"15","author":"Chuang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors Switz."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4468","DOI":"10.3390\/s130404468","article-title":"Formaldehyde gas sensors: A review","volume":"13","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors Switz."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.10.232","article-title":"Effect of Zinc doping on structural, optical and morphological properties of spray deposited cerium oxide thin film for low level formaldehyde detection","volume":"38","author":"Daniel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2017.04.086","article-title":"Ni nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide for non-enzymatic glucose sensing: An experimental and modeling study","volume":"240","author":"Darvishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.153194","article-title":"A review on WO3 based gas sensors: Morphology control and enhanced sensing properties","volume":"820","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14318","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b03224","article-title":"Chromogenic detection of aqueous formaldehyde using functionalized silica nanoparticles","volume":"8","author":"El Sayed","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mat. Interfaces"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.127892","article-title":"Enhanced room-temperature ammonia-sensing properties of polyaniline-modified WO3 nanoplates derived via ultrasonic spray process","volume":"312","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3390\/nano4020267","article-title":"Work function engineering of graphene","volume":"4","author":"Garg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00076","article-title":"Gas-sensing performances of metal oxide nanostructures for detecting dissolved gases: A mini review","volume":"8","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chphma.2022.03.007","article-title":"PtCu-SnO2 nanocomposites for ultrasensitive and rapid ultra-low formaldehyde sensing","volume":"1","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"ChemPhysMater"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2017.06.038","article-title":"Photocatalyst TiO2\/WO3\/GO nano-composite with high efficient photocatalytic performance for BPA degradation under visible light and solar light illumination","volume":"55","author":"Hao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28439","DOI":"10.1039\/c9ra04429a","article-title":"Fast response-recovery time toward acetone by a sensor prepared with Pd doped WO3 nanosheets","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.7b01304","article-title":"Deciphering functions of intracellular formaldehyde: Linking cancer and aldehyde metabolism","volume":"57","author":"Hopkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130738","article-title":"Batch fabrication of formaldehyde sensors based on LaFeO3 thin film with ppb-level detection limit","volume":"349","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128993","article-title":"Binder-free CuO nanoneedle arrays based tube-type sensor for H2S gas sensing","volume":"326","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1039\/c9na00048h","article-title":"Porous reduced graphene oxide (rGO)\/WO3 nanocomposites for the enhanced detection of NH3 at room temperature","volume":"1","author":"Jeevitha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2020.09.051","article-title":"Facile preparation of Ni nanoparticle embedded on mesoporous carbon nanorods for non-enzymatic glucose detection","volume":"583","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13153","DOI":"10.1021\/jp404329q","article-title":"Controllable synthesis of ZnO nanoflakes with exposed (1010) for enhanced gas sensing performance","volume":"117","author":"Kaneti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742488","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.742488","article-title":"A p-n heterojunction based Pd\/PdO@ZnO organic frameworks for high-sensitivity room-temperature formaldehyde gas sensor","volume":"9","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2019.115694","article-title":"Use of graphene-based structures as platforms for the trace-level detection of gaseous formaldehyde and insights into their superior sensing potentials","volume":"121","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2016.11.046","article-title":"Reduced graphene oxide\/MoS2 hybrid films for room-temperature formaldehyde detection","volume":"189","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mat. Lett."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56309","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c17044","article-title":"Carbon nanotube-based field-effect transistor-type sensor with a sensing gate for ppb-level formaldehyde detection","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mat. Interfaces"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.01.106","article-title":"Acetone gas sensor based on NiO\/ZnO hollow spheres: Fast response and recovery, and low (ppb) detection limit","volume":"495","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00231a038","article-title":"Sampling and ion chromatographic determination of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde","volume":"53","author":"Lorrain","year":"1981","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2019.04.023","article-title":"Rationally designed Fe2O3\/GO\/WO3 Z-Scheme photocatalyst for enhanced solar light photocatalytic water remediation","volume":"378","author":"Mohamed","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702854249088","article-title":"Formaldehyde detection in air by laser-induced fluorescence","volume":"39","author":"Mohlmann","year":"1985","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12995-019-0224-2","article-title":"New insights into the mortality risk from nasopharyngeal cancer in the national cancer institute formaldehyde worker cohort study","volume":"14","author":"M\u00f6hner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Occup. Med. Toxicol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10102","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5b00967","article-title":"Formaldehyde graphene gas sensors modified by thermally evaporated tin oxides and tin compound films","volume":"119","author":"Mu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2017.04.019","article-title":"A new method for the fabrication of a bilayer WO3\/Fe2O3 photoelectrode for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance","volume":"98","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mat. Res. Bull."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231105","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0048228","article-title":"Room temperature emission from single defects in WO3 enhanced by plasmonic nanocrystals","volume":"118","author":"Ozceri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.06.118","article-title":"A ppb-level formaldehyde gas sensor based on CuO nanocubes prepared using a polyol process","volume":"203","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2022.131775","article-title":"A CuO thin film type sensor via inkjet printing technology with high reproducibility for ppb-level formaldehyde detection","volume":"362","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.06.265","article-title":"Roles of cobalt doping on ethanol-sensing mechanisms of flame-spray-made SnO 2 nanoparticles\u2212electrolytically exfoliated graphene interfaces","volume":"425","author":"Punginsang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2020.146955","article-title":"Non-activated adsorption of methane on nickel surfaces induced by reduced work function","volume":"528","author":"Raaen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2020.138019","article-title":"Hybrid supercapacitor based on graphene and Ni\/Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles formed by a modified electrochemical exfoliation method","volume":"760","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2020.147189","article-title":"A comprehensive study of various amine-functionalized graphene oxides for room temperature formaldehyde gas detection: Experimental and theoretical approaches","volume":"529","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"025504","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/24\/2\/025504","article-title":"V-groove SnO2 nanowire sensors: Fabrication and Pt-nanoparticle decoration","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.12.080","article-title":"Pyrolyzing Co\/Zn bimetallic organic framework to form p-n heterojunction of Co3O4\/ZnO for detection of formaldehyde","volume":"285","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2022.132032","article-title":"Visible light assisted trace gaseous NO2 sensor with anti-humidity ability via LSPR enhancement effect","volume":"367","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2014.01.034","article-title":"Au nanoparticle\/graphene oxide hybrids as stabilizers for Pickering emulsions and Au nanoparticle\/graphene oxide@polystyrene microspheres","volume":"71","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbon N. Y."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2021.163230","article-title":"Enhanced ppb-level formaldehyde sensing performance over Pt deposited SnO2 nanospheres","volume":"899","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsamd.2020.12.001","article-title":"Excellent photocatalytic activity of ternary Ag@WO3@rGO nanocomposites under solar simulation irradiation","volume":"1","author":"Tran","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sci. Adv. Mater. Devices"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.04.062","article-title":"Recent advances in graphene based gas sensors","volume":"218","author":"Varghese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.04.164","article-title":"Enhanced formaldehyde sensing properties of hollow SnO2 nanofibers by graphene oxide","volume":"250","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6598","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ta15110g","article-title":"Enhanced HCHO gas sensing properties by Ag-loaded sunflower-like in 2O3 hierarchical nanostructures","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mat. Chem. A"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.7b00896","article-title":"One-step synthesis of Co-doped In2O3 nanorods for high response of formaldehyde sensor at low temperature","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.129188","article-title":"Different morphologies of WO3 and their exposed facets-dependent acetone sensing properties","volume":"329","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122445","article-title":"A disposable dual-signal enantioselective electrochemical sensor based on stereogenic porous chiral carbon nanotubes hydrogel","volume":"232","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.09.102","article-title":"Room temperature formaldehyde sensor with enhanced performance based on reduced graphene oxide\/titanium dioxide","volume":"223","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2020.105624","article-title":"A quantitation method for gaseous formaldehyde based on gas chromatography with metal\u2013organic framework cold-trap sorbent as an effective alternative for HPLC-based standard protocol","volume":"160","author":"Yoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.3390\/s19071495","article-title":"Approaches to enhancing gas sensing properties: A review","volume":"19","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors Switz."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.08.085","article-title":"Quantitative detection of formaldehyde and ammonia gas via metal oxide-modified graphene-based sensor array combining with neural network model","volume":"240","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2018.12.063","article-title":"A hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of formaldehyde from biological and indoor air samples by high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"1589","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.09.134","article-title":"Novel reduced graphene oxide\/Ag nanoparticle composite film with sensitive detection activity towards trace formaldehyde","volume":"242","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fchem.2022.971859\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T06:12:00Z","timestamp":1662703920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fchem.2022.971859\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fchem.2022.971859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fchem.2022.971859","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"article-number":"971859"}}