{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T00:43:13Z","timestamp":1793666593263,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Sepsis is a life-threatening disease characterized by multiple organ failure due to excessive activation of the inflammatory response and cytokine storm. Despite recent advances in the clinical use of anti-cytokine biologics, sepsis treatment efficacy and improvements in mortality remain unsatisfactory, largely due to the mechanistic complexity of immune regulation and cytokine interactions.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In this study, a broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory and endotoxin neutralization strategy was developed based on autologous \u201ccryo-shocked\u201d neutrophils (CS-Neus) for the management of sepsis. Neutrophils were frozen to death using a novel liquid nitrogen \u201ccryo-shock\u201d strategy. The CS-Neus retained the source cell membrane structure and functions related to inflammatory site targeting, broad-spectrum inflammatory cytokines, and endotoxin (LPS) neutralizing properties. This strategy aimed to disable harmful pro-inflammatory functions of neutrophils, such as cytokine secretion. Autologous cell-based therapy strategies were employed to avoid immune rejection and enhance treatment safety.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> In both LPS-induced sepsis mouse models and clinical patient-derived blood samples, CS-Neus treatment significantly ameliorated cytokine storms by removing inflammatory cytokines and endotoxin. The therapy showed notable anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects and improved the survival rate of mice.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Discussion:<\/jats:bold> The results of this study demonstrate the potential of autologous \u201ccryo-shocked\u201d neutrophils as a promising therapeutic approach for managing sepsis. By targeting inflammatory organs and exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity, CS-Neus offer a novel strategy to combat the complexities of sepsis treatment. Further research and clinical trials are needed to validate the efficacy and safety of this approach in broader populations and settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2024.1359946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T05:34:38Z","timestamp":1708493678000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Autologous cryo-shocked neutrophils enable targeted therapy of sepsis via broad-spectrum neutralization of pro-inflammatory cytokines and endotoxins"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qiuxia","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiamei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingjie","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyan","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.01.002","article-title":"A neutrophil timer coordinates immune defense and vascular protection","volume":"50","author":"Adrover","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-003-3110-z","article-title":"Regulation of neutrophil apoptosis via death receptors","volume":"60","author":"Akgul","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell. 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