{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:30:53Z","timestamp":1789230653815,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The CuMgAl-x catalysts derived from hydrotalcite precursors with different Mg\/Al molar ratios were synthesized and applied to CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> hydrogenation to methanol reaction. In this study, the effects of Mg\/Al molar ratio on the structure and surface properties of CuMgAl-x catalysts were investigated by XRD, N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-TPR, CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-TPD, XPS, and <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> DRIFTS characterization methods. The results showed that an appropriate Mg\/Al molar ratio can enhance the Cu-MgO interaction, increasing the basic sites and obtaining suitable acid sites. The dispersion of active Cu on the CuMgAl-x catalysts can be improved by strong Cu-MgO interaction, which enhances the adsorption capacity of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and makes H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> activation easier, accelerates the conversion of intermediate species CO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup> and HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>to HCOO<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>, and facilitates further conversion to CH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup> and CH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>OH. The strong interaction between Cu and MgO was conducive to the formation of Cu<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, which can inhibit the desorption of CO in the reverse water gas shift reaction. The CuMgAl-3 catalyst showed the highest CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> Conversion rate (14.3%), methanol selectivity (94.5%), and STY of methanol (419.3\u00a0g\u22c5kg<jats:sub>cat.<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u22c5h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) at 240\u00b0C and 2.5\u00a0MPa. The results obtained in this paper can provide a new idea for the design of high-performance catalysts for CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> hydrogenation to methanol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2024.1361930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T05:08:32Z","timestamp":1710392912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The influence of Mg\/Al molar ratio on the performance of CuMgAl-x catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Haoran","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijing","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2021.06.020","article-title":"New insights on CO and CO2 hydrogenation for methanol synthesis: the key role of adsorbate-adsorbate interactions on Cu and the highly active MgO-Cu interface","volume":"400","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2022.10.172","article-title":"Cu+-ZrO2 interfacial sites with highly dispersed copper nanoparticles derived from Cu@UiO-67 hybrid for efficient CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2021.123035","article-title":"CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over Cu\/ZnO\/ZrO2 catalysts: effects of ZnO morphology and oxygen vacancy","volume":"314","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2019.03.059","article-title":"CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over Cu catalysts supported on La-modified SBA-15: the crucial role of Cu-LaOx interfaces","volume":"251","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2023.123422","article-title":"Plasma-catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over CuO-MgO\/Beta catalyst with high selectivity","volume":"342","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.1c06044","article-title":"Enhanced methanol production over non-promoted Cu-MgO-Al2O3 materials with ex-solved 2 nm Cu particles: insights from an Operando spectroscopic study","volume":"12","author":"Cored","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2023.122743","article-title":"Unravelling the role of metal-metal oxide interfaces of Cu\/ZnO\/ZrO2\/Al2O3 catalyst for methanol synthesis from CO2: insights from experiments and DFT-based microkinetic modeling","volume":"332","author":"Dharmalingam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-2067(17)62793-1","article-title":"CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over Cu\/Zn\/Al\/Zr catalysts prepared by liquid reduction","volume":"38","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Catal."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201600152","article-title":"Research progress on the indirect hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol","volume":"9","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2019.06.176","article-title":"Moderate-pressure conversion of H2 and CO2 to methanol via adsorption enhanced hydrogenation","volume":"44","author":"Fang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2018.11.006","article-title":"Improved methanol yield and selectivity from CO2 hydrogenation using a novel Cu-ZnO-ZrO2 catalyst supported on Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH)","volume":"29","author":"Fang","year":"","journal-title":"J. CO2 Util."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2012.10.030","article-title":"Influence of Zr on the performance of Cu\/Zn\/Al\/Zr catalysts via hydrotalcite-like precursors for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","volume":"298","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2014.12.008","article-title":"Cu\/Zn\/Al\/Zr catalysts via phase-pure hydrotalcite-like compounds for methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. CO2 Util."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2016.06.001","article-title":"Fluorinated Cu\/Zn\/Al\/Zr hydrotalcites derived nanocatalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","volume":"16","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. CO2 Util."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13679","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.3c03431","article-title":"et al. Synergetic Interaction between Single-Atom Cu and Ga2O3 Enhances CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over CuGaZrOx","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2015.11.002","article-title":"Methanol formation by CO2 hydrogenation on Au\/ZnO catalysts-Effect of total pressure and influence of CO on the reaction characteristics","volume":"333","author":"Hartadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7359","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5b02230","article-title":"Role of Cu-Mg-Al mixed oxide catalysts in lignin depolymerization in supercritical ethanol","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cossms.2021.100965","article-title":"Nanostructured modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs)-based catalysts: a review on synthesis, characterization, and applications in water remediation by advanced oxidation processes","volume":"26","author":"Karim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12440","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b05791","article-title":"Optimizing binding energies of key intermediates for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over oxide-supported copper","volume":"138","author":"Kattel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.03.095","article-title":"Recent progress and innovation in carbon capture and storage using bioinspired materials","volume":"172","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2015.09.082","article-title":"Hydrogenation of CO2 to CH3OH over CuO\/ZnO\/Al2O3 catalysts prepared via a solvent-free routine","volume":"164","author":"Lei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3663","DOI":"10.1021\/ie902072a","article-title":"Adsorption of CO2 on hydrotalcite-derived mixed oxides: sorption mechanisms and consequences for adsorption irreversibility","volume":"49","author":"Le\u00f3n","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2016.06.131","article-title":"Magnesium-aluminum mixed metal oxide supported copper nanoparticles as catalysts for water-gas shift reaction","volume":"184","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2023.107995","article-title":"Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol over Cu-based catalysts: active sites profiling and regulation strategy as well as reaction pathway exploration","volume":"252","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2013.01.065","article-title":"The effect of lanthanum doping on activity of Zn-Al spinel for transesterification","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b03738","article-title":"In situ generation of the Cu@3D-ZrOx Framework catalyst for selective methanol synthesis from CO2\/H2","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4033","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.0c07682","article-title":"Spinel ZnFe2O4 regulates copper sites for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2018.05.063","article-title":"The investigation of the role of basic lanthanum (La) species on the improvement of catalytic activity and stability of HZSM-5 material for eliminating methanethiol-(CH3SH)","volume":"237","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.8b04035","article-title":"Unravelling the nature of the active species as well as the doping effect over Cu\/Ce-based catalyst for carbon monoxide preferential oxidation","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susc.2020.121725","article-title":"Characterization of oxide-supported Cu by infrared measurements on adsorbed CO","volume":"703","author":"Nielsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surf. Sci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2015.03.001","article-title":"Methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation over Cu\/\u03b3-Al2O3 catalysts modified by ZnO, ZrO2 and MgO","volume":"28","author":"Ren","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2017.06.069","article-title":"CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over Pd\/In2O3: effects of Pd and oxygen vacancy","volume":"218","author":"Rui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3730","DOI":"10.1021\/cs500979c","article-title":"Influence of ZrO2 structure and copper electronic state on activity of Cu\/ZrO2 catalysts in methanol synthesis from CO2","volume":"4","author":"Samson","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2021.09.030","article-title":"The promoting role of Ga in ZnZrOx solid solution catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","volume":"404","author":"Sha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4499","DOI":"10.1039\/C9GC01706B","article-title":"Copper-based catalysts with tunable acidic and basic sites for the selective conversion of levulinic acid\/ester to \u03b3-valerolactone or 1,4-pentanediol","volume":"21","author":"Shao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5217","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b07841","article-title":"Importance of magnesium in Cu-based catalysts for selective conversion of biomass-derived furan compounds to diols","volume":"8","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2020.04.042","article-title":"Cu active sites confined in MgAl layered double hydroxide for hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to ethanol","volume":"365","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2021.121289","article-title":"Investigating the role of oxygen vacancies and basic site density in tuning methanol selectivity over Cu\/CeO2 catalyst during CO2 hydrogenation","volume":"303","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.122137","article-title":"Dual-site activation of H2 over Cu\/ZnAl2O4 boosting CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","volume":"322","author":"Song","year":"","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12135","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c03163","article-title":"Coordination environment dependent surface Cu state for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2021.101609","article-title":"CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over partially embedded Cu within Zn-Al oxide and the effect of indium","volume":"50","author":"Stangeland","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. CO2 Util."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10989","DOI":"10.1039\/c8dt01150h","article-title":"The effect of preparation methods on the thermal and chemical reducibility of Cu in Cu-Al oxides","volume":"47","author":"Teixeira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c04033","article-title":"Unraveling the synergistic reaction and the deactivation mechanism for the catalytic degradation of double components of sulfur-containing VOCs over ZSM-5-based materials","volume":"57","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.144008","article-title":"Cu\/ZnAl2O4 catalysts prepared by ammonia evaporation method: improving methanol selectivity in CO2 hydrogenation via regulation of metal-support interaction","volume":"469","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2022.11.075","article-title":"Application of microimpinging stream reactor coupled with ultrasound in Cu\/CeZrOx solid solution catalyst preparation for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","volume":"202","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2019.06.095","article-title":"Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide derived catalysts for non-plasma and DBD plasma-assisted CO2 methanation","volume":"45","author":"Wierzbicki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.09.046","article-title":"The influences of Mg\/Al molar ratio on the properties of PtIn\/Mg(Al)O-x catalysts for propane dehydrogenation reaction","volume":"284","author":"Xia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2016.02.004","article-title":"Highly efficient Cu-based catalysts via hydrotalcite-like precursors for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","volume":"281","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2022.09.011","article-title":"A highly efficient Cu\/ZnOx\/ZrO2 catalyst for selective CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","volume":"414","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.144006","article-title":"Insights into the interfacial structure of Cu\/ZrO2 catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation: effects of Cu-supported nano-ZrO2 inverse interface","volume":"470","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.121098","article-title":"CO2 hydrogenation to methanol on tungsten-doped Cu\/CeO2 catalysts","volume":"306","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2019.02.021","article-title":"Synergy between active sites of Cu-In-Zr-O catalyst in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","volume":"372","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2013.03.015","article-title":"Sand flower layered double hydroxides synthesized by co-precipitation for CO2 capture: morphology evolution mechanism, agitation effect and stability","volume":"140","author":"Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcat.2017.08.015","article-title":"Synthesis of Cu\/Zn\/Al\/Mg catalysts on methanol production by different precipitation methods","volume":"441","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Catal."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2023.123257","article-title":"Tuning the CO2 hydrogenation path by moderately phosphating the Co-Al catalyst toward methanol synthesis","volume":"340","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2022.10.034","article-title":"Engineering Cu+\/CeZrO interfaces to promote CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","volume":"77","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2020.229181","article-title":"Insights into the essential roles of tin and chloride species within Cu-CeO2 based catalysts for CO preferential oxidation in H2-rich stream","volume":"484","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcat.2021.111984","article-title":"Highly dispersed Cu catalyst based on the layer confinement effect of Cu\/Zn\/Ga-LDH for methanol synthesis","volume":"516","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Catal."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.2c06151","article-title":"Efficient hydrogenation of methyl palmitate to hexadecanol over Cu\/m-ZrO2 catalysts: synergistic effect of Cu species and oxygen vacancies","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CS00614A","article-title":"State of the art and perspectives in heterogeneous catalysis of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","volume":"49","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-021-00684-0","article-title":"Engineering the Cu\/Mo2CTx (MXene) interface to drive CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","volume":"4","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fchem.2024.1361930\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T05:08:35Z","timestamp":1710392915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fchem.2024.1361930\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fchem.2024.1361930"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fchem.2024.1361930","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"article-number":"1361930"}}