{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T20:12:04Z","timestamp":1792699924614,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A UPLC-MS\/MS method with one-step extraction and simultaneous determination of bongkrekic acid (BA) and dehydroacetic acid (DHA) in rice noodles has been established in this study for the first time. The extraction solvent consisted of a mixture of methanol, ammonia, and water. Electrospray ionization negative ion mode (ESI-) was used for multiple reaction detection and external standard method was used for quantitative determination. The method demonstrated a good linearity range of 0\u201350\u00a0ng\/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9998 for BA, and showed a linearity range of 0\u223c500\u00a0ng\/mL with r of 0.9993 for DHA. The limits of detection (LOD) were determined to be 0.1\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg for BA and 0.6\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg for DHA. Additionally, the method exhibited good recovery of 90.1%\u223c105.4% for BA and 80.4%\u223c102% for DHA. Meanwhile, the method also exhibited good precision with RSD of 0.4%\u223c7.5% for BA, and with RSD of 4.5%\u223c11.4% for DHA. Furthermore, the established method was sucessfully applied to the analysis of rice noodles from two production enterprises. BA was detected in one rice noodle sample and DHA was detected in 7 rice noodle samples in the enterprises A which was the manufacturer of food consumed by the poisoned patient. To investigate the cause of death of the poisoned patient, the toxigenic bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Burkholderia gladiolus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was isolated and cultured to produce BA. The results showed that the established method could also be used to qualitatively screen BA and its isomer isobongkrekic acid (IBA) in GVC enrichment broth, potato glucose agar and rice sample, which facilitates a rapid and accurate judgement of whether the isolated bacterium strain produces BA. With high sensitivity and accuracy, and simple sample pretreatment, the proposed method shows potential for safety assessment of the entire production process of rice-derived products, addressing a significant public health concern.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2024.1386635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T07:03:33Z","timestamp":1738047813000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Establishment and evaluation of a UPLC-MS\/MS method for simultaneous determination of bongkrekic acid and dehydroacetic acid in rice noodles"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lingguo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronggui","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weixian","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaowen","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dabing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaxia","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-016-0577-1","article-title":"Bongkrekic acid-a review of a lesser-known mitochondrial toxin","volume":"13","author":"Anwar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Toxicol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00255a046","article-title":"Structure of isobongkrekic acid, a novel.DELTA.2-E isomer of the antibiotic bongkrekic acid","volume":"53","author":"Chatterjee","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.10.015","article-title":"Identification of the potent toxin bongkrekic acid in a traditional African beverage linked to a fatal outbreak","volume":"270","author":"Falconer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/026520399284217","article-title":"The effect of lipids on bongkrekic (Bongkrek) acid toxin production by Burkholderia cocovenenans in coconut media","volume":"16","author":"Garcia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1005","article-title":"Description of a mass poisoning in a rural district in Mozambique: the first documented bongkrekic acid poisoning in Africa","volume":"66","author":"Gudo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.133598","article-title":"Development and validation of a multianalyte method for quantification of aflatoxins and bongkrekic acid in rice and noodle products using PRiME-UHPLC-MS\/MS method","volume":"395","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9673(92)80337-t","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of sorbic acid, dehydroacetic acid and benzoic-acid by gas chromatography mass spectrometry","volume":"594","author":"Kakemoto","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00656a012","article-title":"Isobongkrekic acid,a new inhibitor of mitochondrial ADP-ATP transport: radioactive labeling and chemical and biological properties","volume":"15","author":"Lauquin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x.jfp-19-121","article-title":"An investigation of bongkrekic acid poisoning caused by consumption of a nonfermented rice noodle product without noticeable signs of spoilage","volume":"82","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.128682","article-title":"Determination of bongkrekic acid and isobongkrekic acid in rice noodles by HPLC-Orbitrap HRMS technology using magnetic halloysite nanotubes","volume":"344","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2023.107275","article-title":"The toxicokinetic and extracorporeal removal of bongkrekic acid during blood purification therapies: a case report","volume":"233","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B12","article-title":"Determination of bongkrekic acid in food products","year":"","journal-title":"China's Natl. food Saf. Stand."},{"key":"B13","article-title":"Determination of dehydroacetic acid in food products","year":"","journal-title":"China's Natl. food Saf. Stand."},{"key":"B14","article-title":"Food microbiological inspection of Burkholderia gladiolus (Pseudomonas coconut subspecies)","year":"","journal-title":"China's Natl. food Saf. Stand."},{"key":"B15","article-title":"Hygienic standards for uses of food additives","year":"","journal-title":"Natl. Stand. People's Repub. China"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.04.005","article-title":"Absolute quantification of dehydroacetic acid in processed foods using quantitative 1H NMR","volume":"141","author":"Ohtsuki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2019.07.010","article-title":"Bongkrekic acid poisoning: severe liver function damage combined with multiple organ failure caused by eating spoiled food","volume":"41","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leg. Med."},{"key":"B18","first-page":"57","article-title":"Dehydroacetic acid (DHA). Acute and chronic toxicity","volume":"99","author":"Spencer","year":"1950","journal-title":"Acute Chronic Toxic."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0308-8146(82)90094-2","article-title":"Determination of bongkrek acid and toxoflavin by high pressure liquid chromatography","volume":"9","author":"Voragen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/10826076.2021.1905660","article-title":"A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for determination of bongkrekic acid in plasma by LC-MS\/MS","volume":"44","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Liq. Chromatogr. and Relat. Technol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.108887","article-title":"The dual-mode platform based on cysteamine-stabilized gold nanoparticles for the high throughput and on-site detection of bongkrekic acid","volume":"136","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food control."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fchem.2024.1386635\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T07:03:35Z","timestamp":1738047815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fchem.2024.1386635\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fchem.2024.1386635"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fchem.2024.1386635","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"article-number":"1386635"}}