{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:22:38Z","timestamp":1789770158766,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Effective removal of organic and inorganic impurities by adsorption technique requires the preparation of new materials characterized by low production costs, significant sorption capacity, and reduced toxicity, derived from natural and renewable sources. To address these challenges, new adsorbents have been developed in the form of polymer microspheres based on ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and vinyl acetate (VA) (EGDMA\/VA) containing starch (St) modified with boric acid (B) and dodecyl-S-thiuronium dodecylthioacetate (DiTDTA) for the removal of dyes: C.I. Basic Blue 3 (BB3) and C.I. Acid Green 16 (AG16) and heavy metal ions (M(II)): Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) from water and wastewater. The adsorbents were characterized by ATR\/FT-IR, DSC, SEM, BET, EDS, and pH<jats:sub>PZC<\/jats:sub> methods. These analyses demonstrated the successful modification of microspheres and the increased thermal resistance resulting from the addition of the modified starch. The point of zero charge for EGDMA\/VA was 7.75, and this value decreased with the addition of modified starch (pH<jats:sub>PZC<\/jats:sub> = 6.62 for EGDMA\/VA-St\/B and pH<jats:sub>PZC<\/jats:sub> = 5.42 for EGDMA\/VA-St\/DiTDTA). The largest specific surface areas (S<jats:sub>BET<\/jats:sub>) were observed for the EGDMA\/VA microspheres (207\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/g), and S<jats:sub>BET<\/jats:sub> value slightly decreases with the modified starch addition (184 and 169\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/g) as a consquence of the pores stopping by the big starch molecules. The total pore volumes (V<jats:sub>tot<\/jats:sub>) were found to be in the range from 0.227 to 0.233\u00a0cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\/g. These materials can be classified as mesoporous, with an average pore diameter (W) of approximately 55\u00a0\u00c5 (5.35\u20136.10\u00a0nm). The SEM and EDS analyses indicated that the EGDMA\/VA microspheres are globular in shape with well-defined edges and contain 73.06% of carbon and 26.94% of oxygen. The microspheres containing modified starch exhibited a loss of smoothness with more irregular shape. The adsorption efficiency of dyes and heavy metal ions depends on the phases contact time, initial adsorbate concentration and the presence of competing electrolytes and surfactants. The equilibrium data were better fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model than by the Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The highest experimental adsorption capacities were observed for the BB3 dye which were equal to 193\u00a0mg\/g, 190\u00a0mg\/g, and 194\u00a0mg\/g for EGDMA\/VA, EGDMA\/VA-St\/B, EGDMA\/VA-St\/DiTDTA, respectively. The dyes and heavy metal ions were removed very rapidly and the time required to reach system equilibrium was below 20\u00a0min for M(II), 40\u00a0min for BB3, and 120\u00a0min for AG16. 50% v\/v methanol and its mixture with 1\u00a0M HCl and NaCl for dyes and 1\u00a0M HCl for M(II) desorbed these impurities efficiently.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2024.1496901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T05:54:56Z","timestamp":1730267696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Polymeric resins containing modified starch as environmentally friendly adsorbents for dyes and metal ions removal from wastewater"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Wo\u0142owicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Wawrzkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Podko\u015bcielna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Tarasiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jadranka","family":"Blazhevska Gilev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olena","family":"Sevastyanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2005.08.041","article-title":"Use of rice straw and radiation-modified maize starch\/acrylonitrile in the treatment of wastewater","volume":"129","author":"Abdel-Aal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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