{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T04:05:09Z","timestamp":1794110709840,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the discovery of penicillin in the 1930s, antibiotics have been the primary treatment for bacterial infections. However, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has escalated due to antibiotics overuse and misuse. To address this concern, a new series of coumarin-thiazole derivatives was synthesized and evaluated against <jats:italic>Serratia fonticola, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecalis, and Achromobacter xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>. Most compounds showed selective activity, with compounds 6a and 6c exhibiting potent effects against <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic> (MICs: 25, 12.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) and <jats:italic>A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic> (MICs: 50, 25\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL), comparable to ciprofloxacin. Further studies revealed that 6a and 6c effectively disrupted bacterial biofilms with a low resistance risk. Mechanistically, they induced ROS production, thereby impairing redox homeostasis and reducing lipid peroxidation. Additionally, compound 6a inhibited <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> DNA gyrase (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> = 23.75\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL). Molecular docking studies (PDB ID: 4duh) and dynamics simulations confirmed the stable binding of these compounds to DNA gyrase, suggesting their potential as novel antibacterial agents. These findings highlight promising avenues for the development of new therapeutic agents to combat AMR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2025.1627186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T14:02:56Z","timestamp":1757080976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Design, synthesis, and biological assessment of a novel series of coumarin-tethered thiazole derivatives as potential antibacterial agents"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Manal S.","family":"Ebaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanaa","family":"Farag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdelraof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman M.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed G.","family":"Thabit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Dziadek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Sabt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0208-x","article-title":"The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies","volume":"6","author":"Ayukekbong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. and Infect. Control"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2024.139482","article-title":"Anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant potential of new biologically active thiazole-derivatives: experimental and molecular docking studies","volume":"1321","author":"Abid","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2020.104426","article-title":"A combine approach of chemical synthesis, biological evaluation and structural dynamics studies revealed thiazole substituted arylamine derivatives as potent FabH enzyme inhibitors","volume":"105","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-024-00830-z","article-title":"Induction of antimicrobial, antioxidant metabolites production by co-cultivation of two red-sea-sponge-associated Aspergillus sp. CO2 and Bacillus sp. COBZ21","volume":"24","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2021.130748","article-title":"One-pot strategy for thiazole tethered 7-ethoxy quinoline hybrids: synthesis and potential antimicrobial agents as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors with molecular docking study","volume":"1242","author":"Ammar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0294646","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294646","article-title":"Assessment of four in vitro phenotypic biofilm detection methods in relation to antimicrobial resistance in aerobic clinical bacterial isolates","volume":"18","author":"Basnet","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2023.106918","article-title":"4-Phenylcoumarin derivatives as new HIV-1 NNRTIs: design, synthesis, biological activities, and computational studies","volume":"141","author":"Batran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8720","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b02481","article-title":"Design, synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation, and molecular modeling studies of novel indolinedione\u2013coumarin molecular hybrids","volume":"4","author":"Bhagat","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS omega"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6413","DOI":"10.1021\/jm300395d","article-title":"Structure-based discovery of substituted 4, 5\u2032-bithiazoles as novel DNA gyrase inhibitors","volume":"55","author":"Brvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B11","volume-title":"Amber 10","author":"Case","year":"2008"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050566","article-title":"Molecular insights into coumarin analogues as antimicrobial agents: recent developments in drug discovery","volume":"11","author":"Cheke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b01678","article-title":"Novel 3-aminothiazolquinolones: design, synthesis, bioactive evaluation, SARs and preliminary antibacterial mechanism","volume":"59","author":"Cui","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2013.06.029","article-title":"Synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of some novel thiazole clubbed 1,3,4-oxadiazoles","volume":"67","author":"Desai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12949","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312949","article-title":"Natural inhibitors of Salmonella MDR efflux pumps AcrAB and AcrD: an integrated in silico, molecular, and in vitro investigation","volume":"25","author":"El-Demerdash","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2025.142074","article-title":"Exploring antitubercular activity of new coumarin derivatives targeting enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA): synthesis, biological evaluation and computational studies","volume":"1336","author":"Ebaid","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103476","article-title":"Derivatives of pyridine and thiazole hybrid: synthesis, DFT, biological evaluation via antimicrobial and DNA cleavage activity","volume":"95","author":"Ery\u0131lmaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2022.2067477","article-title":"Anti-viral activity of thiazole derivatives: an updated patent review","volume":"32","author":"Farghaly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Pat."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300738","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.202300738","article-title":"Design, synthesis, structure elucidation, antimicrobial, molecular docking, and SAR studies of novel urea derivatives bearing tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon rings","volume":"357","author":"Farid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11030-021-10224-4","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial evaluation and in silico studies of coumarin derivatives tagged with pyrano-pyridine and pyrano-pyrimidine moieties as DNA gyrase inhibitors","volume":"26","author":"Fayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Divers."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115333","article-title":"Modulating leishmanial pteridine metabolism machinery via some new coumarin-1, 2, 3-triazoles: design, synthesis and computational studies","volume":"253","author":"Hassan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.11.100","article-title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives containing imidazole skeleton as potential antibacterial agents","volume":"143","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51034","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202051034","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and persistence-Implications for human health and treatment perspectives","volume":"21","author":"Huemer","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2022.105888","article-title":"Insights into the effect of elaborating coumarin-based aryl enaminones with sulfonamide or carboxylic acid functionality on carbonic anhydrase inhibitory potency and selectivity","volume":"126","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11407","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b01524","article-title":"Molecular dynamics simulations of the interactions between glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor GFR\u03b11 and small-molecule ligands","volume":"3","author":"Ivanova","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS omega"},{"key":"B26","volume-title":"Heterocyclic chemistry","author":"Joule","year":"2010"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202401587","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202401587","article-title":"New thiazole derivatives: carbonic anhydrase I\u2013II and cholinesterase inhibition profiles, molecular docking studies","volume":"9","author":"Karakaya","year":"2024","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1039\/d0ob02513e","article-title":"Synthesis and application of a thiol-reactive HBED-type chelator for development of easy-to-produce Ga-radiopharmaceutical kits and imaging probes","volume":"19","author":"Klika","year":"2021","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12436","DOI":"10.1039\/d2dt01702d","article-title":"Synthesis of a polyaminocarboxylate-based aluminum complex and its structural studies using 1 H {13 C}-HMBC NMR and a Karplus-type function","volume":"51","author":"Klika","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1039\/d3md00511a","article-title":"Latest developments in coumarin-based anticancer agents: mechanism of action and structure\u2013activity relationship studies","volume":"15","author":"Koley","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Med. Chem."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1824814","article-title":"Pharmacophore based virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and MM-GBSA approach for identification of prospective SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor from natural product databases","volume":"40","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10730","DOI":"10.1021\/jf403479c","article-title":"Coumarins and lignans from zanthoxylum schinifolium and their anticancer activities","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2020.103907","article-title":"Novel coumarin-thiazolyl ester derivatives as potential DNA gyrase Inhibitors: design, synthesis, and antibacterial activity","volume":"100","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098614554919","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: risk associated with antibiotic overuse and initiatives to reduce the problem","volume":"5","author":"Llor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Drug Saf."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28030933","article-title":"Synthesis and antimicrobial activity evaluation of homodrimane sesquiterpenoids with a benzimidazole unit","volume":"28","author":"Lungu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3390\/md19040232","article-title":"Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the fungal metabolites isolated from the marine endophytes epicoccum nigrum M13 and Alternaria alternata 13A","volume":"19","author":"Mallique Qader","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdc.2018.04.001","article-title":"Synthesis, molecular docking studies and biological evaluation of potent coumarin-carbonodithioate hybrids via microwave irradiation","author":"Mangasuli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Data Collect."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2019.107812","article-title":"Synthesis, PASS predication, in vitro antimicrobial evaluation and pharmacokinetic study of novel n-octyl glucopyranoside esters","volume":"485","author":"Matin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20684","DOI":"10.1039\/d3ra02775a","article-title":"Insight into novel anti-mucormycosis therapies: investigation of new anti-mucormycosis laser-induced photodynamic therapy based on a sulphone bis-compound loaded silica nanoemulsion","volume":"13","author":"Mohamed","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)01867-1","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050","volume":"404","author":"Naghavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.21608\/ejchem.2024.249272.8883","article-title":"Insight into the synthesis, biological impact and convenient routes of hydrazonoyl halides for synthesis of novel bioactive heterocycles: mini-review","volume":"66","author":"Osman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chem."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773215y.0000000030","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon","volume":"109","author":"Prestinaci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathog. Glob. Health"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117374","article-title":"Discovery of novel thiazole-pleuromutilin derivatives with potent antibacterial activity","volume":"8","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-020-02619-z","article-title":"Thiosemicarbazone and thiazole: in vitro evaluation of leishmanicidal and ultrastructural activity on Leishmania infantum","volume":"29","author":"Queiroz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2023.134912","article-title":"Design, synthesis, molecular dynamic simulation studies, and antibacterial evaluation of new spirocyclic aminopyrimidines","volume":"1278","author":"Ragab","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmcr.2024.100233","article-title":"Comprehensive review of DNA gyrase as enzymatic target for drug discovery and development","volume":"12","author":"Rajakumari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem. Rep."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2020.102922","article-title":"Coumarin derivatives as promising antibacterial agent (s)","volume":"14","author":"Ranjan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2018.1477137","article-title":"Novel coumarin-6-sulfonamides as apoptotic anti-proliferative agents: synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation, and QSAR studies","volume":"33","author":"Sabt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhibition Med. Chem."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202300804","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202300804","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of quinoline\u2010based derivatives against methicillin\u2010resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: design, synthesis, DFT and molecular dynamic simulations","volume":"20","author":"Sabt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424017","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2024.1424017","article-title":"Identification of 2-(N-aryl-1, 2, 3-triazol-4-yl) quinoline derivatives as antitubercular agents endowed with InhA inhibitory activity","volume":"12","author":"Sabt","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2024.107703","article-title":"Discovery of new quinoline derivatives bearing 1-aryl-1, 2, 3-triazole motif as influenza H1N1 virus neuraminidase inhibitors","volume":"151","author":"Sabt","year":"","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5907","DOI":"10.1039\/d4ra00157e","article-title":"New pyrazolylindolin-2-one based coumarin derivatives as anti-melanoma agents: design, synthesis, dual BRAF V600E\/VEGFR-2 inhibition, and computational studies","volume":"14","author":"Sabt","year":"","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11131946","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: a growing serious threat for global public health","volume":"11","author":"Salam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthc. (Basel)"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9912","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36705-0","article-title":"Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new series of thiazoles, pyridines and pyrazoles based on coumarin moiety","volume":"13","author":"Sayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6492346","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6492346","article-title":"Natural coumarins: exploring the pharmacological complexity and underlying molecular mechanisms","volume":"2021","author":"Sharifi-Rad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00030-10","article-title":"Challenges of antibacterial discovery","volume":"24","author":"Silver","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2017.07.069","article-title":"Triazole tethered isatin-coumarin based molecular hybrids as novel antitubulin agents: design, synthesis, biological investigation and docking studies","volume":"27","author":"Singh","year":"","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2017.70","article-title":"Coumarinbenzimidazole hybrids as a potent antimicrobial agent: synthesis and biological elevation","volume":"70","author":"Singh","year":"","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2021.113557","article-title":"Discovery of novel purinylthiazolylethanone derivatives as anti-Candida albicans agents through possible multifaceted mechanisms","volume":"221","author":"Sui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B60","volume-title":"History of the development and applications of coumarin and coumarin-related compounds, coumarins: biology, applications and mode of action","author":"Weinmann","year":"1997"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2022.105855","article-title":"Coumarin thiazoles as unique structural skeleton of potential antimicrobial agents","volume":"124","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.4c01924","article-title":"Antimicrobial polymer via ROMP of a bioderived tricyclic oxanorbornene lactam derivative","volume":"8","author":"Yassin","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fchem.2025.1627186\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T14:02:57Z","timestamp":1757080977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fchem.2025.1627186\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fchem.2025.1627186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fchem.2025.1627186","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"article-number":"1627186"}}