{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T06:46:20Z","timestamp":1793947580213,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019349","name":"Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (0.5\u20132.0\u00a0phr) were incorporated into nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) to clarify how interfacial chemistry and dispersion control macroscopic performance. GO was synthesized by a modified Hummers method, and different filler concentrations of NBR\/GO were prepared via solution\u2013coagulation followed by sulfur vulcanization. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed multilayer GO and best sheet dispersion at 1\u00a0phr, whereas 2\u00a0phr showed initial aggregation. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that the NBR backbone and nitrile groups remained intact, while weak GO-derived C\u2013O\u2013C\/C\u2013O bands appeared at higher loadings. The C\u2261N band at \u223c2,237\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    preserved its position but showed a slight increase in bandwidth, consistent with the formation of a hydrogen-bonded interphase. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed loss of GO periodicity in the rubber matrix. UV-Vis\/Tauc analysis indicated a non-monotonic band gap (direct 3.01\u21923.13\u21923.11\u00a0eV; indirect 2.84\u21922.92\u21922.96\u00a0eV), arising from confinement at well-dispersed loadings and \u03c0\u2013\u03c0 stacking at higher loadings. Dielectric measurements (10\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u201310\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0Hz, 20\u00a0\u00b0C\u2013100\u00a0\u00b0C) evidenced a more stable \u03b5\u2032 for GO-filled samples, maximized at 1\u00a0phr. Mechanical testing showed simultaneous gains in tensile strength, tear resistance, and rebound elasticity at low GO loadings, while swelling and thermo-oxidative retention improved due to barrier effects and chain immobilization. Overall, \u223c1\u00a0phr GO delivers the best structure\u2013property balance, combining hydrogen-bond-mediated interfacial adhesion and optimal dispersion with stable dielectric behavior and reduced swelling\/aging sensitivity; 2\u00a0phr yields the highest tensile value but also results in incipient aggregation and reduced dielectric stability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2025.1710575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T06:28:23Z","timestamp":1767335303000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The role of hydrogen-bonded interphase in achieving optimal performance of nitrile-butadiene rubber\/graphene oxide nanocomposites"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Talia","family":"Tene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lala","family":"Gahramanli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Muradov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aynur","family":"Mammadova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vugar","family":"Khudaverdiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Azizova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shafiga","family":"Alakbarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lala","family":"Isayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashida","family":"Huseynzade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goncha","family":"Eyvazova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flora","family":"Hajiyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bellucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Vacacela Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haji Vahid","family":"Akhundzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana","family":"Khankishiyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350046","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218625X23500464","article-title":"Synthesis of functionalized graphene nanoplatelets through oxidative chlorophosphorylation: technical note","volume":"30","author":"Aliyeva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surf. 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