{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T12:01:57Z","timestamp":1776772917445,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In recent years, the prevalence of myopia has sharply increased in East Asia, emerging as a major public health issue. This study aimed to identify genetic risk factors for myopia progression and to develop polygenic risk score (PRS) models to predict myopia progression risk. Genotyping was performed using the Asian Screening Array chip among 294 Chinese adolescents who completed a 2-year follow-up. A two-stage (discovery cohort: N = 176; replication cohort: N = 118) genome-wide association study (GWAS) was subsequently conducted. Functional annotation and MAGMA analysis were performed to confirm biological relevance of the identified loci in the progression of myopia. Based on GWAS results from the discovery cohort and a European population from the United Kingdom Biobank (N = 460,536), we constructed single-ancestry and cross-ancestry PRS models with PRSice-2 and PRS-CSx. We evaluated the predictive performance of these models using the replication cohort. Our meta-analysis identified seven novel suggestive loci associated with myopia progression, including\n                    <jats:italic>FSTL5<\/jats:italic>\n                    on 4q32.2,\n                    <jats:italic>SMARCA2<\/jats:italic>\n                    on 9p24.3,\n                    <jats:italic>CCDC3<\/jats:italic>\n                    on 10p13,\n                    <jats:italic>GALNT6\/ACVR1B<\/jats:italic>\n                    on 12q13.13,\n                    <jats:italic>CRY1<\/jats:italic>\n                    on 12q23.3,\n                    <jats:italic>ULK2<\/jats:italic>\n                    on 17p11.2, and\n                    <jats:italic>MYL4\/EFCAB13-DT<\/jats:italic>\n                    on 17q21.32. For myopia progression risk prediction in East Asians, PRS analysis showed that the East Asian training dataset (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    : 5.69%; OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.06\u20132.44; AUC: 0.66) outperformed both the European and cross-ancestry datasets. This study identified seven promising loci associated with myopia progression and demonstrated that PRS exhibited enhanced predictive performance in genetically and phenotypically matched populations. Our findings expand the genetic understanding of myopia progression in East Asian adolescents and provide new insights for myopia prevention and control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2026.1778732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T11:29:40Z","timestamp":1776770980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome-wide association study of myopia progression in Chinese adolescents and application of polygenic risk score prediction"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qinye","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinglun","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike Zhongyu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yizhou","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingyun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Liyang Branch of Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weina","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11632","article-title":"An integrated map of genetic variation from 1,092 human genomes","volume":"491","author":"Abecasis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00231-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"6","author":"Baird","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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