{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:05:41Z","timestamp":1789635941988,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The rising incidence of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the development of sustainable and eco-friendly nanomaterials. In this study, silver-iron oxide nanoparticles (Ag-FeO NPs) were phyto-synthesized using\n                    <jats:italic>Traganum nudatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    seed extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent, and their physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity were systematically evaluated. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a characteristic absorption peak at 359\u00a0nm, providing supportive evidence of nanoparticle formation. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed functional groups at 1,645 and 3,315\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    , indicating the involvement of plant-derived phytochemicals in nanoparticle stabilization. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed heterogeneous spherical and rod-like nanostructures with moderate aggregation, while scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy qualitatively indicated the presence of silver and iron, together with oxygen and carbon. Dynamic light scattering analysis showed an average hydrodynamic particle size of 7.3\u00a0nm and a broad particle size distribution (PDI = 0.60), with a zeta potential of \u22121.36\u00a0mV. GC-MS profiling identified bioactive metabolites, including 3-(octanoyloxy)propane-1,2-diyl bis(decanoate),\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    -hexadecanoic acid, hentriacontane, and lidocaine, potentially contributing to nanoparticle synthesis and bioactivity. Ag-FeO NPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . SEM analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    revealed severe ultrastructural damage, including surface deformation and cell wall disruption. Ag-FeO NPs produced greater reductions in MCF-7 cell viability than in MCF-10A non-tumorigenic epithelial cells, although a clear concentration-dependent response was not observed within the tested range. Computational prediction analyses using PASS, SwissTargetPrediction, SwissADME, and ProTox-II indicated that several identified phytochemicals possess antimicrobial and antineoplastic potential together with favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics. Overall, the integration of green synthesis, experimental validation, and computational modeling highlights the potential of\n                    <jats:italic>T. nudatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    -mediated Ag-FeO NPs as effective and sustainable agents for biomedical applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2026.1877737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:17:54Z","timestamp":1788949074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phyto-synthesized silver-iron oxide nanoparticles from Traganum nudatum for antimicrobial and anticancer applications: experimental and computational insights"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hessa O.","family":"Aldraiwiesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","place":["Riyadh, 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