{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T22:24:28Z","timestamp":1794522268404,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to widespread applications of sulfur-containing frameworks, the construction of the C\u2013S bond has emerged as a useful tool for synthetic organic and medicinal chemists in recent years. Transition-metal-catalyzed carbon\u2013sulfur (C\u2013S) bond formation represents a cornerstone of advanced organic synthesis due to its pivotal role in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. This review provides a comprehensive and structured overview of recent developments in C\u2013S bond formation, covering both classical late transition metals (Pd, Ni, and Cu) and a broad range of miscellaneous metals (Mo, Ir, Rh, Cr, Mn, Zn, and Sc). Palladium catalysis, typically supported by phosphine or N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, enables efficient thiolation of aryl halides using thiols, disulfides, or sulfur surrogates. Nickel catalysis as a cost-effective alternative to Pd, displaying complementary reactivity toward aryl, alkyl, and heteroaryl electrophiles, often under ligand-controlled or reductive conditions, while copper follows Ullmann-type C\u2013S couplings and oxidative thiolations using thiols, sulfinates, or elemental sulfur. Beyond these, molybdenum catalysts promote dehydrative and borrowing-hydrogen thio-etherification of alcohols, whereas iridium-based photoredox catalysis converts sodium aryl sulfinates into thioesters and thioalkynes. This review highlights the high compatibility of these methodologies with drug-like molecules and the significance of these methodologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2026.1886794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:39:44Z","timestamp":1785389984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transition-metal-catalyzed C-S bond formation: recent developments and pharmaceutical applications"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Saima","family":"Muneer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad","place":["Faisalabad, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalia","family":"da Silva Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sustainable Synthesis and Organochalcogen (LabSO), Institute de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s - UFG","place":["Goi\u00e2nia, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aqsa","family":"Kanwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad","place":["Faisalabad, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Tariq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad","place":["Faisalabad, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasir","family":"Rasool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad","place":["Faisalabad, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Modesto","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sustainable Synthesis and Organochalcogen (LabSO), Institute de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s - UFG","place":["Goi\u00e2nia, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaely B. 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