{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T06:15:37Z","timestamp":1788156937400,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glucose in tobacco leaves acts as a vital chemical precursor that thermally degrades and reacts with amino acids during combustion and curing to enrich aldehydes, ketones, and nitrogen\u2010containing heterocyclic aroma compounds, thereby shaping flavor and masking harshness. However, current analytical methods for glucose quantification are limitations of high complexity, poor portability, and low eco-friendliness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A facile approach for on-site method for glucose determination in both flue\u2010cured and fresh tobacco leaves, based on aqueous extraction followed by test-strip reflectometric analysis, was developed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Design of experiments with central composite design was employed to achieve the ideal extraction conditions, with a shaking count of 70 times and a static immersion time of 36 min. The matrix effect in the aqueous tobacco extract showed a suppression effect with relative quantitative errors below 5.0%, and the test strip\u2019s enzymatic reaction exhibited high specificity for glucose. The developed method showed a good linear relationship over the range of 2.00\u201390.0 mg\/L (y = 0.9952\u00d7 + 0.0253,\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.9991). The average recoveries ranged from 94.1% to 96.0% for flue\u2010cured tobacco and 95.0% to 97.5% for fresh tobacco leaves, with repeatability RSDs \u2264 3.86% and \u2264 4.51%, reproducibility RSDs \u2264 5.00% and \u2264 5.98%, respectively. Compared with the traditional derivatization GC\u2010MS method, the linear regression slope between the two methods was 0.9781 (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.9997 and p &amp;lt; 0.01), and the overall AGREEprep score of test strip with reflectometry method was 0.78, further confirming both the excellent accuracy and greenness. Finally, this method was successfully applied to evaluate glucose variation among different cultivars and growth stages, demonstrating its practical applicability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study developed a simple, portable, and green method for the determination of glucose content in different tobacco matrices, which could provide scientific reference data for tobacco quality evaluation and physiological growth monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2026.1948329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:39:52Z","timestamp":1788154792000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A facile approach based on test strip for on-site determination of glucose in tobacco matrices"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsha","family":"Ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Station","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruijuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yechun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Decheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weichang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kesu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9111171","article-title":"Fruit quality parameters, sugars, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, organic acids, and phenolic compounds for a new endemic apple variety, \u201cLong Apple\u201d","volume":"9","author":"Bal\u0131k","year":"2023","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25071734","article-title":"Carbohydrates\u2014key players in tobacco aroma formation and quality determination","volume":"25","author":"Bano\u017ei\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2013.05.052","article-title":"Ethoximation-silylation approach for mono- and disaccharide analysis and characterization of their identification parameters by GC\/MS","volume":"115","author":"Becker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1365\/s10337-010-1737-0","article-title":"Derivatization and determination of MCPA in soil by GC","volume":"72","author":"Cai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.13595\/j.cnki.issn1000-0720.2012.0022","article-title":"Determination of water-soluble sugars in cured tobacco with gas chromatography","volume":"31","author":"Cai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. 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