{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T15:05:40Z","timestamp":1789571140454,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Chem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Healthcare-associated infections remain a major burden on health systems, with 8.9 million episodes estimated annually across EU\/EEA hospitals and long-term care facilities and approximately 518,000 in US acute care hospitals in 2023, driving demand for persistent antimicrobial surface coatings. Copper nanomaterials (CuNMs) offer multi-mechanism bactericidal and virucidal activity, including membrane disruption, reactive oxygen species generation, and photothermal hyperthermia, at an approximately 150-fold lower feedstock cost than silver, yet commercial deployment remains limited. This review synthesises 498 Scopus-indexed articles (2015\u20132026) on CuNM antimicrobial coatings to identify the structural barrier to translation. A critical trilemma emerges: no published system simultaneously achieves optical transmittance &amp;gt;80% at 550\u00a0nm, \u22652-log bacterial reduction, and durability over \u226550 home launderings or \u22653 months continuous efficacy. The five principal CuNM forms, Cu\n                    <jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Cu\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O, CuO, CuS, and Cu\u2013MOFs, occupy distinct niches in the efficacy\u2013transparency\u2013stability design space. Copper sulfide nanoparticles and sub-0.5\u00a0wt% Cu-MOFs are the most promising candidates for transparent applications. Polydopamine anchoring establishes a wash-durability benchmark of 40 laundering cycles at 90% efficacy retention. Stimulus-responsive pH- and NIR-triggered release systems extend functional lifetime while limiting cytotoxic overexposure. An 8-parameter Minimum Reporting Standard is proposed to resolve heterogeneous reporting that currently impedes cross-study comparison, regulatory assessment, and commercial investment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2026.1949389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T14:47:01Z","timestamp":1789570021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Copper nanomaterial antimicrobial coatings: ion release, transparency, and wash durability across biomedical, textile, and packaging applications"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nurhidayatul Warda","family":"Muhamad Shuhaimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","place":["Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jei","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","place":["Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kam Sheng","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","place":["Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siew Xian","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASASIpintar Program, Pusat PERMATA@pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","place":["Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"]},{"name":"Quantum Materials and Technology Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","place":["Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahariar","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University","place":["Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theerakamol","family":"Pengsakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Environmental Research Center (HERC), Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University","place":["Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin Hua","family":"Chia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","place":["Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"]},{"name":"Quantum Materials and Technology Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","place":["Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Antimicrobial medical device coatings market - global forecast 2026\u20132032. 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