{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:36:01Z","timestamp":1791178561662,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,4]],"date-time":"2014-03-04T08:49:46Z","timestamp":1393922986000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["What's in a word: the use, misuse, and abuse of the word \u00e2\u20ac\u0153persistence\u00e2\u20ac\u009d in Chlamydia biology"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Patrik M.","family":"Bavoil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.113.2.271","article-title":"Latent viral infection of cells in tissue culture. VII. Role of water-soluble vitamins in psittacosis virus propagation in L cells","volume":"113","author":"Bader","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3705","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.9.3705-3711.1994","article-title":"Tryptophan depletion as a mechanism of gamma interferon-mediated chlamydial persistence","volume":"62","author":"Beatty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3998","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.9.3998","article-title":"Morphologic and antigenic characterization of interferon gamma-mediated persistent Chlamydia trachomatis infection in vitro","volume":"90","author":"Beatty","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-201","article-title":"Mixed infections with Chlamydia and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus\u00e2\u20ac\u201da new in vitro model of chlamydial persistence","volume":"10","author":"Borel","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.09.026","article-title":"Evidence for persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of human coronary atheromas","volume":"199","author":"Borel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14084","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014084","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis intercepts Golgi-derived sphingolipids through a Rab14-mediated transport required for bacterial development and replication","volume":"5","author":"Capmany","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1993.tb05958.x","article-title":"Low-nutrient induction of abnormal chlamydial development: a novel component of chlamydial pathogenesis?","volume":"106","author":"Coles","year":"1993","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00608.x","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis enters a viable but non-cultivable (persistent) state within herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) co-infected host cells","volume":"8","author":"Deka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.4.1402-1405.2004","article-title":"First-choice antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations induce persistence of Chlamydia pneumoniae","volume":"48","author":"Gieffers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0882-4010(02)00189-4","article-title":"Infection of human fibroblast-like synovial cells with Chlamydia trachomatis results in persistent infection and interleukin-6 production","volume":"34","author":"Hanada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1457-1464.2000","article-title":"Chlamydial development is adversely affected by minor changes in amino acid supply, blood plasma amino acid levels, and glucose deprivation","volume":"68","author":"Harper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.12.1.211-220.1975","article-title":"Competition between Chlamydia psittaci and L cells for host isoleucine pools: a limiting factor in chlamydial multiplication","volume":"12","author":"Hatch","year":"1975","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)90356-3","article-title":"Phage infection of the obligate intracellular bacterium, Chlamydia psittaci strain GPIC","volume":"2","author":"Hsia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-190","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis responds to heat shock, penicillin induced persistence, and IFN-gamma persistence by altering levels of the extracytoplasmic stress response protease htra","volume":"8","author":"Huston","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-102-6-757","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis in the pharynx and rectum of heterosexual patients at risk for genital infection","volume":"102","author":"Jones","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05434.x","article-title":"Reversibility of heat shock in Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"76","author":"Kahane","year":"1992","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1996.0103","article-title":"Ultrastructural and molecular analyses of the persistence of Chlamydia trachomatis (serovar K) in human monocytes","volume":"22","author":"Koehler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.29032-0","article-title":"The effect of penicillin on Chlamydia trachomatis DNA replication","volume":"152","author":"Lambden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.32.2.822-829.1981","article-title":"Persistent infection of mouse fibroblasts (McCoy cells) with a trachoma strain of Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"1981","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B20","first-page":"21","article-title":"Structural characteristics of chlamydial bodies","volume-title":"Microbiology of Chlamydia","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1988"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.101.1.278-285.1970","article-title":"Electron microscopic observations on the effects of penicillin on the morphology of Chlamydia psittaci","volume":"101","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63732","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063732","article-title":"Assessing a potential role of host Pannexin 1 during Chlamydia trachomatis infection","volume":"8","author":"McKuen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.25.5.571","article-title":"Recent Studies on Psittacosis","volume":"25","author":"Meyer","year":"1935","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.39.2.898-907.1983","article-title":"Inhibition of onset of overt multiplication of Chlamydia psittaci in persistently infected mouse fibroblasts (L cells)","volume":"39","author":"Moulder","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.30.3.874-883.1980","article-title":"Persistent infection of mouse fibroblasts (L cells) with Chlamydia psittaci: evidence for a cryptic chlamydial form","volume":"30","author":"Moulder","year":"1980","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.34.1.285-291.1981","article-title":"Attachment defect in mouse fibroblasts (L cells) persistently infected with Chlamydia psittaci","volume":"34","author":"Moulder","year":"1981","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.35.3.834-839.1982","article-title":"Association between resistance to superinfection and patterns of surface protein labeling in mouse fibroblasts (L cells) persistently infected with Chlamydia psittaci","volume":"35","author":"Moulder","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-47-2-141","article-title":"Studies of persistent infection by Chlamydia trachomatis serovar K in TPA-differentiated U937 cells and the role of IFN-gamma","volume":"47","author":"Nettelnbreker","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-842X(94)90632-7","article-title":"\u00e2\u20ac\u0153Persistent\u00e2\u20ac\u009d forms and persistence of Chlamydia","volume":"2","author":"Pearce","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.07.017","article-title":"Chlamydia muridarum enters a viable but non-infectious state in amoxicillin-treated BALB\/c mice","volume":"14","author":"Phillips Campbell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-112-27947","article-title":"Induction of prolonged latency in psittacosis-infected cells by aminopterin","volume":"112","author":"Pollard","year":"1963","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.09.035","article-title":"Aberrant chlamydial developmental forms in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs spontaneously and experimentally infected with Chlamydia suis","volume":"135","author":"Pospischil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B33","first-page":"64","article-title":"Abortion in woman caused by caprine Chlamydophila abortus (Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1)","volume":"132","author":"Pospischil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Swiss Med. Wkly"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(94)35133-3","article-title":"Animal models for urogenital infections","volume-title":"Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 235. Bacterial Pathogenesis, Part A: Identification and Regulation of Virulence Factors","author":"Rank","year":"1994"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00200-11","article-title":"In vivo ultrastructural analysis of the intimate relationship between polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the chlamydial developmental cycle","volume":"79","author":"Rank","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01244-13","article-title":"\u00e2\u20ac\u0153Hidden in plain sight:\u00e2\u20ac\u009d Chlamydial gastrointestinal infection and its relevance to \u00e2\u20ac\u0153persistence\u00e2\u20ac\u009d in human genital infections","author":"Rank","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4539","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.11.4539-4547.1997","article-title":"Response of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E to iron restriction in vitro and evidence for iron-regulated chlamydial proteins","volume":"65","author":"Raulston","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12060","article-title":"A novel co-infection model with Toxoplasma and Chlamydia trachomatis highlights the importance of host cell manipulation for nutrient scavenging","volume":"15","author":"Romano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00313-12","article-title":"Fierce competition between Toxoplasma and Chlamydia for host cell structures in dually infected cells","volume":"12","author":"Romano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.39.1.362-370.1983","article-title":"Effect of interferon on the growth of Chlamydia trachomatis in mouse fibroblasts (L cells)","volume":"39","author":"Rothermel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.48.2.592-596.1985","article-title":"Inhibition of growth of Chlamydia trachomatis by human gamma interferon","volume":"48","author":"Shemer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7723","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007723","article-title":"Penicillin induced persistence in Chlamydia trachomatis: high quality time lapse video analysis of the developmental cycle","volume":"4","author":"Skilton","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01389.x","article-title":"Variable expression of surface-exposed polymorphic membrane proteins in in vitro-grown Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"12","author":"Tan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S88","DOI":"10.1086\/652394","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis persistence in vitro: an overview","volume":"201","author":"Wyrick","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6290","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01405-13","article-title":"Differential susceptibilities to azithromycin treatment of chlamydial infection in the gastrointestinal tract and cervix","volume":"57","author":"Yeruva","year":"2013a","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12052","article-title":"Chlamydial infection of the gastrointestinal tract: a reservoir for persistent infection","volume":"68","author":"Yeruva","year":"2013b","journal-title":"Pathog. Dis"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T11:35:24Z","timestamp":1648467324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00027\/abstract"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,4]]},"references-count":46,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00027","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,4]]}}}