{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:54:32Z","timestamp":1790373272293,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI083640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI083640"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI085242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI085242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C06 RR015481-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C06 RR015481-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]],"date-time":"2017-04-24T10:05:09Z","timestamp":1493028309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Investigation of ospC Expression Variation among Borrelia burgdorferi Strains"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Xuwu","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youyun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X. Frank","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongliang","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"521","article-title":"Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes","volume":"57","author":"Barbour","year":"1984","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02454-06","article-title":"Adaptation of a luciferase gene reporter and lac expression system to Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"73","author":"Blevins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3844","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00467-08","article-title":"Essential role of the response regulator Rrp2 in the infectious cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"76","author":"Boardman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2011.05.004","article-title":"Multiplex PCR as a tool for validating plasmid content of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"86","author":"Bunikis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7043737","article-title":"Lyme disease-a tick-borne spirochetosis?","volume":"18","author":"Burgdorfer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12609","article-title":"Interaction of the Lyme disease spirochete with its tick vector","volume":"18","author":"Caimano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1574-1586.2000","article-title":"Molecular and evolutionary characterization of the cp32\/18 family of supercoiled plasmids in Borrelia burgdorferi 297","volume":"68","author":"Caimano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4848","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01215-15","article-title":"Outer Surface Protein OspC is an antiphagocytic factor that protects Borrelia burgdorferi from phagocytosis by macrophages","volume":"83","author":"Carrasco","year":"","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2015.54","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi elongation factor EF-Tu is an immunogenic protein during Lyme borreliosis","volume":"4","author":"Carrasco","year":"","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33280","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033280","article-title":"Genome stability of Lyme disease spirochetes: comparative genomics of Borrelia burgdorferi plasmids","volume":"7","author":"Casjens","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01698.x","article-title":"A bacterial genome in flux: the twelve linear and nine circular extrachromosomal DNAs in an infectious isolate of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"35","author":"Casjens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2013.05.002","article-title":"Peaceful coexistence amongst Borrelia plasmids: getting by with a little help from their friends?","volume":"70","author":"Chaconas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93141","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093141","article-title":"Global repression of host-associated genes of the lyme disease spirochete through post-transcriptional modulation of the alternative sigma factor RpoS","volume":"9","author":"Dulebohn","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.2139-2150.2002","article-title":"Clonal polymorphism of Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31 MI: implications for mutagenesis in an infectious strain background","volume":"70","author":"Elias","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0136707","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136707","article-title":"Absence of sodA increases the levels of oxidation of key metabolic determinants of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"10","author":"Esteve-Gassent","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/37551","article-title":"Genomic sequence of a Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"390","author":"Fraser","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05593.x","article-title":"Artificial regulation of ospC expression in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"63","author":"Gilbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5938","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5938-5946.2004","article-title":"Experimental assessment of the roles of linear plasmids lp25 and lp28-1 of Borrelia burgdorferi throughout the infectious cycle","volume":"72","author":"Grimm","year":"","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3142","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306845101","article-title":"Outer-surface protein C of the Lyme disease spirochete: a protein induced in ticks for infection of mammals","volume":"101","author":"Grimm","year":"","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00253-12","article-title":"Rrp2, a prokaryotic enhancer-like binding protein, is essential for viability of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"194","author":"Groshong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06491.x","article-title":"Abrogation of ospAB constitutively activates the Rrp2-RpoN-RpoS pathway (SigmaN-SigmaS Cascade) in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"70","author":"He","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01238-13","article-title":"The cyclic di-GMP receptor PlzA controls virulence gene expression through RpoS in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"82","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12724","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231442498","article-title":"Expression of Borrelia burgdorferi OspC and DbpA is controlled by a RpoN-RpoS regulatory pathway","volume":"98","author":"H\u00fcbner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.30.3.698-703.1992","article-title":"DNA analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi NCH-1, the first northcentral U.S. human Lyme disease isolate","volume":"30","author":"Hughes","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06951.x","article-title":"The BosR regulatory protein of Borrelia burgdorferi interfaces with the RpoS regulatory pathway and modulates both the oxidative stress response and pathogenic properties of the Lyme disease spirochete","volume":"74","author":"Hyde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05716.x","article-title":"Temperature-induced regulation of RpoS by a small RNA in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"64","author":"Lybecker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12171","article-title":"Borrelia host adaptation regulator (BadR) regulates rpoS to modulate host adaptation and virulence factors in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"88","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13206","article-title":"BadR (BB0693) controls growth phase-dependent induction of rpoS and bosR in Borrelia burgdorferi via recognizing TAAAATAT motifs","volume":"98","author":"Ouyang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001272","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001272","article-title":"BosR (BB0647) controls the RpoN-RpoS regulatory pathway and virulence expression in Borrelia burgdorferi by a novel DNA-binding mechanism","volume":"7","author":"Ouyang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06945.x","article-title":"BosR (BB0647) governs virulence expression in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"74","author":"Ouyang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e96917","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096917","article-title":"Synthesis of RpoS Is dependent on a putative enhancer binding protein Rrp2 in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"9","author":"Ouyang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2566","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00297-16","article-title":"Evidence that BosR (BB0647) is a positive autoregulator in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"84","author":"Ouyang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200419894","article-title":"OspC facilitates Borrelia burgdorferi invasion of Ixodes scapularis salivary glands","volume":"113","author":"Pal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13865","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.25.13865","article-title":"Correlation between plasmid content and infectivity in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"97","author":"Purser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03452.x","article-title":"A plasmid-encoded nicotinamidase (PncA) is essential for infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi in a mammalian host","volume":"48","author":"Purser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2714","article-title":"Of ticks, mice and men: understanding the dual-host lifestyle of Lyme disease spirochaetes","volume":"10","author":"Radolf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6972","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502565102","article-title":"bptA (bbe16) is essential for the persistence of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, in its natural tick vector","volume":"102","author":"Revel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06621.x","article-title":"Rrp1, a cyclic-di-GMP-producing response regulator, is an important regulator of Borrelia burgdorferi core cellular functions","volume":"71","author":"Rogers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B39","first-page":"253","article-title":"Electrotransformation of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi","volume-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology","author":"Samuels","year":"1995"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.112408.134040","article-title":"Gene regulation in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"65","author":"Samuels","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06971.x","article-title":"Who is the BosR around here anyway?","volume":"74","author":"Samuels","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5365","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01496-10","article-title":"Regulation of the virulence determinant OspC by bbd18 on linear plasmid lp17 of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"193","author":"Sarkar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01158-10","article-title":"Whole-genome sequences of thirteen isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"193","author":"Schutzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.382-388.2000","article-title":"Temporal changes in outer surface proteins A and C of the Lyme disease-associated spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, during the chain of infection in ticks and mice","volume":"38","author":"Schwan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198303313081301","article-title":"The spirochetal etiology of Lyme disease","volume":"308","author":"Steere","year":"1983","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00050-13","article-title":"Study of the response regulator Rrp1 reveals its regulatory role in chitobiose utilization and virulence of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"81","author":"Sze","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00507-13","article-title":"Manganese and zinc regulate virulence determinants in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"81","author":"Troxell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2910","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00372-10","article-title":"Role of the surface lipoprotein BBA07 in the enzootic cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"78","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06264.x","article-title":"Essential protective role attributed to the surface lipoproteins of Borrelia burgdorferi against innate defences","volume":"69","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11001","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1834315100","article-title":"The response regulator Rrp2 is essential for the expression of major membrane lipoproteins in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"100","author":"Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4822","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.14.4822-4829.2005","article-title":"Analysis of the ospC regulatory element controlled by the RpoN-RpoS regulatory pathway in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"187","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031960","article-title":"Essential role for OspA\/B in the life cycle of the Lyme disease spirochete","volume":"199","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02104.x","article-title":"Interdependence of environmental factors influencing reciprocal patterns of gene expression in virulent Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00360-16","article-title":"BbHtrA, a temperature- and stationary phase-activated protease involved in maturation of a key microbial virulence determinant, facilitates Borrelia burgdorferi infection in mammalian hosts","volume":"84","author":"Ye","year":"","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-015-4996-z","article-title":"Genome reduction of Borrelia burgdorferi: two TCS signaling pathways for two distinct host habitats","volume":"59","author":"Ye","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01010-15","article-title":"Insight into the dual functions of bacterial enhancer-binding protein Rrp2 of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"198","author":"Yin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00131\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T04:12:45Z","timestamp":1601957565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00131\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00131","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]]},"article-number":"131"}}