{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:42:39Z","timestamp":1791434559439,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540166400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/M009971\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/M009971\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/N010051\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/N010051\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["078566\/A\/05\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["078566\/A\/05\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T08:09:15Z","timestamp":1540195755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The Human Gut Colonizer Blastocystis Respires Using Complex II and Alternative Oxidase to Buffer Transient Oxygen Fluctuations in the Gut"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Anastasios D.","family":"Tsaousis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karleigh A.","family":"Hamblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine R.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Rosell-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Campbell W.","family":"Gourlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony L.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"van der Giezen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)03261-6","article-title":"Exploring the molecular nature of alternative oxidase regulation and catalysis","volume":"510","author":"Affourtit","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0160458","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160458","article-title":"Ex vivo and in vivo mice models to study Blastocystis spp. adhesion, colonization and pathology: Closer to proving Koch's postulates","volume":"11","author":"Ajjampur","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2016.05.007","article-title":"Pathogenic mechanisms in Blastocystis spp.\u2013interpreting results from in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"65","author":"Ajjampur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.07.020","article-title":"Correlation between intraluminal oxygen gradient and radial partitioning of intestinal microbiota","volume":"147","author":"Albenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti770","article-title":"The SWISS-MODEL workspace: a web-based environment for protein structure homology modelling","volume":"22","author":"Arnold","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evy164","article-title":"Mitochondrial glycolysis in a major lineage of eukaryotes","volume":"10","author":"B\u00e1rtulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2017.139","article-title":"Large-scale comparative metagenomics of Blastocystis, a common member of the human gut microbiome","volume":"11","author":"Beghini","year":"2017","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq662","article-title":"Toward the estimation of the absolute quality of individual protein structure models","volume":"27","author":"Benkert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W252","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku340","article-title":"SWISS-MODEL: modelling protein tertiary and quaternary structure using evolutionary information","volume":"42","author":"Biasini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9949","article-title":"Microbiota-activated PPAR-gamma signaling inhibits dysbiotic Enterobacteriaceae expansion","volume":"357","author":"Byndloss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01891.x","article-title":"Alterations in composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Carroll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg500","article-title":"Multiple sequence alignment with the Clustal series of programs","volume":"31","author":"Chenna","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407706-5.00001-0","article-title":"Recent developments in Blastocystis research","volume":"82","author":"Clark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1996.00779.x","article-title":"Computational method to predict mitochondrially imported proteins and their targeting sequences","volume":"241","author":"Claros","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R29","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-3-r29","article-title":"Genome sequence of the stramenopile Blastocystis, a human anaerobic parasite","volume":"12","author":"Denoeud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3552","article-title":"Gut biogeography of the bacterial microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Donaldson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-164","article-title":"Children of Senegal River Basin show the highest prevalence of Blastocystis sp. ever observed worldwide","volume":"14","author":"El Safadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16014","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.14","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Enck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0761","article-title":"Treatment of Dientamoeba fragilis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"87","author":"Engsbro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198548386.001.0001","volume-title":"Ecology and Evolution in Anoxic Worlds","author":"Fenchel","year":"1995"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5769(03)00007-2","article-title":"Overproduction of highly active trypanosome alternative oxidase in Escherichia coli heme-deficient mutant","volume":"52","author":"Fukai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2003769","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2003769","article-title":"Extreme genome diversity in the hyper-prevalent parasitic eukaryote Blastocystis","volume":"15","author":"Gentekaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/1439-7633(20010803)2:7\/8<583::AID-CBIC583>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Could a diiron-containing four-helix-bundle protein have been a primitive oxygen reductase?","volume":"2","author":"Gomes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chembiochem"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv039","article-title":"Potential role of the intestinal microbiota in programming health and disease","volume":"73","author":"Goulet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06228.x","article-title":"Localisation and nucleotide specificity of Blastocystis succinyl-CoA synthetase","volume":"68","author":"Hamblin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14520","article-title":"Swamp cancer: a case of human pythiosis and review of the literature","volume":"175","author":"Hilton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W585","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm259","article-title":"WoLF PSORT: protein localization predictor","volume":"35","author":"Horton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2626-7","article-title":"Blastocystis infection is associated with irritable bowel syndrome in a Mexican patient population","volume":"110","author":"Jimenez-Gonzalez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.07.065","article-title":"The prevalence of intestinal parasites is not greater among individuals with irritable bowel syndrome: a population-based case-control study","volume":"13","author":"Krogsgaard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2008\/017897-0","article-title":"Biochemical characterization of a mitochondrial-like organelle from Blastocystis sp. subtype 7","volume":"154","author":"Lantsman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.06319-11","article-title":"Identification of a new gene required for the biosynthesis of rhodoquinone in Rhodospirillum rubrum","volume":"194","author":"Lonjers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20160178","article-title":"Structural insights into the alternative oxidases: are all oxidases made equal?","volume":"45","author":"May","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/10.5.930","article-title":"Blastocystis hominis: an organism in search of a disease","volume":"10","author":"Miller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Rev. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0361022","article-title":"Further insights into the structure of the alternative oxidase: from plants to parasites","volume":"36","author":"Moore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.05024-11","article-title":"Biochemistry and evolution of anaerobic energy metabolism in eukaryotes","volume":"76","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0373-4","article-title":"The gut mycobiome of the human microbiome project healthy cohort","volume":"5","author":"Nash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2004.03.008","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of the mitochondrion-like organelle from Blastocystis hominis","volume":"58","author":"Nasirudeen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)00120-0","article-title":"Purification of active recombinant trypanosome alternative oxidase","volume":"538","author":"Nihei","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(02)00086-8","article-title":"Trypanosome alternative oxidase as a target of chemotherapy","volume":"1587","author":"Nihei","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e111868","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111868","article-title":"Blastocystis is associated with decrease of fecal microbiota protective bacteria: comparative analysis between patients with irritable bowel syndrome and control subjects","volume":"9","author":"Nourrisson","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msn193","article-title":"Analysis of two genomes form the mitochondrion-like organelle of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis: complete sequences, gene content and genome organization","volume":"25","author":"P\u00e9rez-Brocal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2013.780094","article-title":"Active ulcerative colitis associated with low prevalence of Blastocystis and Dientamoeba fragilis infection","volume":"48","author":"Petersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813167106","article-title":"Detergent binding explains anomalous SDS-PAGE migration of membrane proteins","volume":"106","author":"Rath","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30750","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.46.30750","article-title":"Regulation of the cyanide-resistant alternative oxidase of plant mitochondria. Identification of the cysteine residue involved in alpha -keto acid stimulation and intersubunit disulfide bond formation","volume":"273","author":"Rhoads","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2013.80","article-title":"Dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases: the oxygen hypothesis","volume":"7","author":"Rigottier-Gois","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.022","article-title":"Oxygen as a driver of gut dysbiosis","volume":"105","author":"Rivera-Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Rad. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.11.002","article-title":"Evidence for mitochondrial-derived alternative oxidase in the apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum: a potential anti-microbial agent target","volume":"34","author":"Roberts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4580","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218386110","article-title":"Structure of the trypanosome cyanide-insensitive alternative oxidase","volume":"110","author":"Shiba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/380398a0","article-title":"Human parasite finds taxonomic home","volume":"380","author":"Silberman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302167","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota in functional bowel disorders: a Rome foundation report","volume":"62","author":"Simr\u00e9n","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.58","article-title":"The resilience of the intestinal microbiota influences health and disease","volume":"15","author":"Sommer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34292","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34292","article-title":"Microbial eukaryotes have adapted to hypoxia by horizontal acquisitions of a gene involved in rhodoquinone biosynthesis","volume":"7","author":"Stairs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/RRBC.S26820","article-title":"Modeling the alternative oxidase from the human pathogen Blastocystis using automated hybrid structural template assembly","volume":"2","author":"Standley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Biochem."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.03.037","article-title":"Organelles in Blastocystis that blur the distinction between mitochondria and hydrogenosomes","volume":"18","author":"Stechmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.004","article-title":"Terminology for Blastocystis subtypes\u2013a consensus","volume":"23","author":"Stensvold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.02.004","article-title":"Associations between gut microbiota and common luminal intestinal parasites","volume":"34","author":"Stensvold","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(02)02193-X","article-title":"Mitochondria as we don't know them","volume":"27","author":"Tielens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00158-13","article-title":"Evolution of the cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly machinery in Blastocystis species and other microbial eukaryotes","volume":"13","author":"Tsaousis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10426","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116067109","article-title":"Evolution of Fe\/S cluster biogenesis in the anaerobic parasite blastocystis","volume":"109","author":"Tsaousis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B60","first-page":"205","article-title":"The Blastocystis mitochondrion-like organelles","volume-title":"Anaerobic Parasitic Protozoa: Genomics and Molecular Biology","author":"Tsaousis","year":"2009"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1525\/bio.2011.61.8.5","article-title":"Mitochondria and the rise of eukaryotes","volume":"61","author":"van der Giezen","year":"2011","journal-title":"BioSci."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1918-7","article-title":"Blastocystis hominis and Dientamoeba fragilis in patients fulfilling irritable bowel syndrome criteria","volume":"107","author":"Yakoob","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-7481-9_19","article-title":"Structure and mechanism of action of the alternative quinol oxidases","volume":"41","author":"Young","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Photosynth. Resp."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1986.tb05559.x","article-title":"Cytochrome-free mitochondria of an anaerobic protozoan\u2013Blastocystis hominis","volume":"33","author":"Zierdt","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Protozool."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.4.1.61","article-title":"Blastocystis hominis\u2013past and future","volume":"4","author":"Zierdt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00371\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T16:36:58Z","timestamp":1720715818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00371\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00371","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]]},"article-number":"371"}}