{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:13:09Z","timestamp":1789913589493,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542585600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T05:52:57Z","timestamp":1542606777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Phenotypic and Functional Profiles of Antigen-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Associated With Infection Control in Patients With Cutaneous Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Adriana","family":"Egui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dari\u00e9n","family":"Ledesma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ant\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Mar\u00eda","family":"Robledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Infante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan Dar\u00edo","family":"V\u00e9lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel C.","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Carmen","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.1.220-226.1993","article-title":"Persistence of virulent Leishmania major in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: a possible hazard for the host","volume":"61","author":"Aebischer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.06.012","article-title":"Elucidating sources and roles of granzymes A and B during bacterial infection and sepsis","volume":"8","author":"Arias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939451","article-title":"CTL quality and the control of human retroviral infections","volume":"39","author":"Bangham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01021","article-title":"PD-L1 may mediate T-cell exhaustion in a case of early diffuse leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) amazonensis","volume":"9","author":"Barroso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0248-4900(88)90056-1","article-title":"The paraflagellar rod: a structure in search of a function","volume":"63","author":"Cachon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biol. Cell"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02404-14","article-title":"Protective and pathological functions of CD8+ T cells in Leishmania braziliensis infection","volume":"83","author":"Cardoso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040384","article-title":"Murine model of chronic L. (Viannia) panamensis infection: role of IL-13 in disease","volume":"40","author":"Castilho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/35065118","article-title":"Skewed maturation of memory HIV-specific CD8 T lymphocytes","volume":"410","author":"Champagne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0208107","article-title":"The cytolytic enzymes granyzme A, granzyme B, and perforin: expression patterns, cell distribution, and their relationship to cell maturity and bright CD57 expression","volume":"85","author":"Chattopadhyay","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2016.03.007","article-title":"PD-1 function in apoptosis of T lymphocytes in canine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"221","author":"Chiku","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1990.42.206","article-title":"Distribution and etiology of leishmaniasis in Colombia","volume":"42","author":"Corredor","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1998000100019","article-title":"Immunologic patterns associated with cure in human American cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"31","author":"Coutinho","year":"1998","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2014.00165","article-title":"The role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in human cutaneous Leishmaniasis","volume":"2","author":"da Silva Santos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06647.x","article-title":"Flow cytometric analysis of cellular infiltrate from American tegumentary leishmaniasis lesions","volume":"153","author":"Da-Cruz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.9.2.251-256.2002","article-title":"T-cell-mediated immune responses in patients with cutaneous or mucosal leishmaniasis: long-term evaluation after therapy","volume":"9","author":"Da-Cruz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.6.2614-2618.1994","article-title":"Leishmania-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells associated with cure of human cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"62","author":"Da-Cruz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00151","article-title":"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis vaccination: a matter of quality","volume":"7","author":"De Luca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.02.014","article-title":"Haematogenous dissemination of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in human American tegumentary leishmaniasis","volume":"100","author":"de Oliveira Camera","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12798","article-title":"Effector memory CD4(+) T cells differentially express activation associated molecules depending on the duration of American cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions","volume":"185","author":"de Oliveira Mendes-Aguiar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-015-0114-z","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis: recent developments in diagnosis and management","volume":"16","author":"de Vries","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122115","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122115","article-title":"Differential phenotypic and functional profiles of TcCA-2 -specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the asymptomatic versus cardiac phase in Chagasic patients","volume":"10","author":"Egui","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2012.05.021","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi paraflagellar rod proteins 2 and 3 contain immunodominant CD8(+) T-cell epitopes that are recognized by cytotoxic T cells from Chagas disease patients","volume":"52","author":"Egui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5542","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301810","article-title":"Programmed death 1-mediated T cell exhaustion during visceral leishmaniasis impairs phagocyte function","volume":"191","author":"Esch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01125.x","article-title":"Recruitment of CD8(+) T cells expressing granzyme A is associated with lesion progression in human cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"31","author":"Faria","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1086\/600109","article-title":"Detection of Leishmania in unaffected mucosal tissues of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) species","volume":"200","author":"Figueroa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e512","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000512","article-title":"Profile of central and effector memory T cells in the progression of chronic human chagas disease","volume":"3","author":"Fiuza","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E54","DOI":"10.1086\/340261","article-title":"Epidemiologic and immunologic findings for the subclinical form of Leishmania braziliensis infection","volume":"34","author":"Follador","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit401","article-title":"CD8 T cell exhaustion in human visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"209","author":"Gautam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.07.001","article-title":"T cell exhaustion in protozoan disease","volume":"28","author":"Gigley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2016.07.010","article-title":"Memory T cells in cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"309","author":"Glennie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e871","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000871","article-title":"CD8 cells of patients with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis display functional exhaustion: the latter is reversed, in vitro, by TLR2 agonists","volume":"4","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1204","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001204","article-title":"TLR1\/2 activation during heterologous prime-boost vaccination (DNA-MVA) enhances CD8+ T Cell responses providing protection against Leishmania (Viannia)","volume":"5","author":"Jayakumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000431","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000431","article-title":"B7-H1 blockade increases survival of dysfunctional CD8(+) T cells and confers protection against Leishmania donovani infections","volume":"5","author":"Joshi","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.12.033","article-title":"T cell exhaustion during persistent viral infections","volume":"480","author":"Kahan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2608","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: complexity at the host-pathogen interface","volume":"9","author":"Kaye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9788-7","article-title":"CCR7+ central and CCR7- effector memory CD4+ T cells in human cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"33","author":"Keshavarz Valian","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.02.006","article-title":"Phenotyping of circulating CD8(+) T cell subsets in human cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"14","author":"Khamesipour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04298-14","article-title":"Systematic review of biomarkers to monitor therapeutic response in leishmaniasis","volume":"59","author":"Kip","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004178","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004178","article-title":"The immunology of a healing response in cutaneous Leishmaniasis treated with localized heat or systemic antimonial therapy","volume":"9","author":"Lakhal-Naouar","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.4.757-763.1991","article-title":"Immune reactivity to fractionated Leishmania aethiopica antigens during active human infection","volume":"29","author":"Laskay","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3748","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500459","article-title":"Inhibitory receptor expression on CD8+ T cells is linked to functional responses against Trypanosoma cruzi Antigens in chronic chagasic patients","volume":"195","author":"Lasso","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1224-z","article-title":"Performance of Leishmania PFR1 recombinant antigen in serological diagnosis of asymptomatic canine leishmaniosis by ELISA","volume":"13","author":"Ledesma","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535458","article-title":"PD-L1 and PD-L2 have distinct roles in regulating host immunity to cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"36","author":"Liang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1602095","article-title":"Antiparasitic treatment induces an improved CD8(+) T cell response in chronic chagasic patients","volume":"198","author":"Mateus","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.3.837-842.1994","article-title":"Increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines in chronic lesions of human cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"62","author":"Melby","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1086\/382135","article-title":"Persistence of leishmania parasites in scars after clinical cure of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: is there a sterile cure?","volume":"189","author":"Mendon\u00e7a","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.6.3165-3171.2003","article-title":"Humoral and cellular immune responses to Trypanosoma cruzi-derived paraflagellar rod proteins in patients with Chagas' disease","volume":"71","author":"Michailowsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v28i4.66","article-title":"[PCR-RFLP and RAPD for typing neotropical Leishmania]","volume":"28","author":"Montalvo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomedica"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.07.006","article-title":"The genetic immunization with paraflagellar rod protein-2 fused to the HSP70 confers protection against late Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"24","author":"Morell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3380","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202537","article-title":"Parasite-derived arginase influences secondary anti-Leishmania immunity by regulating programmed cell death-1-mediated CD4+ T cell exhaustion","volume":"190","author":"Mou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636039","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/636039","article-title":"Involvement of different CD4(+) T cell subsets producing granzyme B in the immune response to Leishmania major antigens","volume":"2014","author":"Naouar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003504","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003504","article-title":"Cytotoxic T cells mediate pathology and metastasis in cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"9","author":"Novais","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-008-8016-2","article-title":"Persistent parasites and immunologic memory in cutaneous leishmaniasis: implications for vaccine designs and vaccination strategies","volume":"41","author":"Okwor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol. Res"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v26i1.1508","article-title":"[Geographic distribution of Leishmania species isolated from patients at the National Institute of Dermatology Federico Lleras Acosta E.S.E., 1995-2005]","volume":"26","author":"Ovalle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomedica"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762007000100013","article-title":"Interferon-gamma is required for the late but not early control of Leishmania amazonensis infection in C57Bl\/6 mice","volume":"102","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28266","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28266","article-title":"Taxonomy, diversity, temporal and geographical distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombia: a retrospective study","volume":"6","author":"Ram\u00edrez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1998000100020","article-title":"Cytokine profile and pathology in human leishmaniasis","volume":"31","author":"Ribeiro-de-Jesus","year":"1998","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90071-4","article-title":"The method used to sample ulcers influences the diagnosis of cutaneous Leishmaniasis","volume":"96","author":"Robinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2567","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002567","article-title":"Impairment of T cell function in parasitic infections","volume":"8","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2007.00991.x","article-title":"CD8 cytotoxic T cells in cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"29","author":"Ruiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nri933","article-title":"The immunology of susceptibility and resistance to Leishmania major in mice","volume":"2","author":"Sacks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104702","article-title":"Central memory and effector memory T cell subsets: function, generation, and maintenance","volume":"22","author":"Sallusto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.4","article-title":"CD8(+) granzyme B(+)-mediated tissue injury vs. CD4(+)IFNgamma(+)-mediated parasite killing in human cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"133","author":"Santos Cda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(97)00149-7","article-title":"A motility function for the paraflagellar rod of Leishmania parasites revealed by PFR-2 gene knockouts","volume":"90","author":"Santrich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91945-7","article-title":"Recurrent lesions in human Leishmania braziliensis infection\u2013reactivation or reinfection?","volume":"336","author":"Saravia","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01116.x","article-title":"Immunopathogenic competences of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis and L. (L.) amazonensis in American cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"31","author":"Silveira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.8.2839-2842.1991","article-title":"Role of tumor necrosis factor in macrophage leishmanicidal activity in vitro and resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis in vivo","volume":"59","author":"Theodos","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030159","article-title":"Interleukin 1alpha promotes Th1 differentiation and inhibits disease progression in Leishmania major-susceptible BALB\/c mice","volume":"198","author":"Von Stebut","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"B70","unstructured":"Leishmaniasis Situation and Trends. Global Health Observatory2016"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4012","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.6.4012","article-title":"Rapidly fatal leishmaniasis in resistant C57BL\/6 mice lacking TNF","volume":"166","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081742","article-title":"Markers of T cell senescence in humans","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1108","article-title":"Central memory T cells mediate long-term immunity to Leishmania major in the absence of persistent parasites","volume":"10","author":"Zaph","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00393\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,15]],"date-time":"2020-11-15T12:41:27Z","timestamp":1605444087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00393\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00393","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]]},"article-number":"393"}}