{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:09:45Z","timestamp":1790766585936,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81372869"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81372869"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81572628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81572628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,3]],"date-time":"2019-03-03T23:38:04Z","timestamp":1551656284000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Rifaximin Alters Intestinal Microbiota and Prevents Progression of Ankylosing Spondylitis in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lianjun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junchi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jincheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinshi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihai","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifei","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weicong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingchu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015111285","article-title":"Intestinal dysbiosis, barrier dysfunction, and bacterial translocation account for CKD-related systemic inflammation","volume":"28","author":"Andersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40154","article-title":"Role of gut inflammation in altering the monocyte compartment and its osteoclastogenic potential in HLA-B27-transgenic rats","volume":"69","author":"Ansalone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-012-0301-y","article-title":"Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum strains downregulate proinflammatory genes in an ex vivo system of cultured human colonic mucosa","volume":"8","author":"B\u00e4uerl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genes Nutr"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23571-4","article-title":"Microbiota composition may predict anti-tnf alpha response in spondyloarthritis patients: an exploratory study","volume":"8","author":"Bazin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxp018","article-title":"Th1\/Th17 polarization and acquisition of an arthritogenic phenotype in arthritis-susceptible BALB\/c, but not in MHC-matched, arthritis-resistant DBA\/2 mice","volume":"21","author":"Boldizsar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-211064","article-title":"Faecal microbiota study reveals specific dysbiosis in spondyloarthritis","volume":"76","author":"Breban","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00691-09","article-title":"Pretreatment of epithelial cells with rifaximin alters bacterial attachment and internalization profiles","volume":"54","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Ch"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1403","article-title":"Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice","volume":"57","author":"Cani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12799","article-title":"Recombinant Salmonella typhimurium outer membrane protein A is recognized by synovial fluid CD8 cells and stimulates synovial fluid mononuclear cells to produce interleukin (IL)-17\/IL-23 in patients with reactive arthritis and undifferentiated spondyloart","volume":"185","author":"Chaurasia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0394-3","article-title":"Interleukin-37 is increased in ankylosing spondylitis patients and associated with disease activity","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01869","article-title":"Metagenomic analysis of the pinewood nematode microbiome reveals a symbiotic relationship critical for xenobiotics degradation","volume":"3","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep. UK"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000239","article-title":"Subclinical gut inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"28","author":"Ciccia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38967","article-title":"Intestinal dysbiosis in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"67","author":"Costello","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422416000159","article-title":"Effects of flavonoids on intestinal inflammation, barrier integrity and changes in gut microbiota during diet-induced obesity","volume":"29","author":"Gil-Cardoso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116053109","article-title":"Metagenomic systems biology of the human gut microbiome reveals topological shifts associated with obesity and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"109","author":"Greenblum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0184624","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184624","article-title":"Experimental colitis delays and reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice","volume":"12","author":"Hablot","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R253","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4096","article-title":"Excessive bone formation in a mouse model of ankylosing spondylitis is associated with decreases in Wnt pathway inhibitors","volume":"14","author":"Haynes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-265983","article-title":"Alteration of gut microbiota by vancomycin and bacitracin improves insulin resistance via glucagon-like peptide 1 in diet-induced obesity","volume":"29","author":"Hwang","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.11.012","article-title":"Factors secreted from dental pulp stem cells show multifaceted benefits for treating experimental rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"83","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/148594","article-title":"Commercial bovine proteoglycan is highly arthritogenic and can be used as an alternative antigen source for PGIA model","volume":"2014","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13841","article-title":"Rifaximin exerts beneficial effects in PI-IBS mouse model beyond gut microbiota","volume":"33","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gastroen. Hepatol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e187","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2016.44","article-title":"Rifaximin exerts beneficial effects independent of its ability to alter microbiota composition","volume":"7","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"903","article-title":"Repeated measurement of intestinal permeability as an assessment of colitis severity in HLA-B27 transgenic rats","volume":"291","author":"Kerr","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47713","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047713","article-title":"High fat diet-induced gut microbiota exacerbates inflammation and obesity in mice via the TLR4 signaling pathway","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaag2770","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag2770","article-title":"Chemical transformation of xenobiotics by the human gut microbiota","volume":"356","author":"Koppel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2676","article-title":"Predictive functional profiling of microbial communities using 16S rRNA marker gene sequences","volume":"31","author":"Langille","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01675","article-title":"Productive performance and histological features of intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens fed different dietary protein levels","volume":"91","author":"Laudadio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.14.0330","article-title":"Effect of bacillus amyloliquefaciens-based direct-fed microbial on performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphology and cecal microflora in broiler chickens","volume":"28","author":"Lei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Austral. J. Anim"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-016-0187-3","article-title":"Role of intestinal microbiota and metabolites on gut homeostasis and human diseases","volume":"18","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2018.1483333","article-title":"The intriguing role of Rifaximin in gut barrier chronic inflammation and in the treatment of Crohn's disease","volume":"27","author":"Lopetuso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4933-10-31","article-title":"The interaction between gut microbiota and age-related changes in immune function and inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Magrone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2016.12.008","article-title":"Separate effects of the ankylosing spondylitis associated ERAP1 and ERAP2 aminopeptidases determine the influence of their combined phenotype on the HLA-B*27 peptidome","volume":"79","author":"Mart\u00edn-Esteban","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.7.644","article-title":"Intestinal permeability in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and their healthy relatives","volume":"33","author":"Martinez-Gonzalez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. J. Rheumatol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2017-00192","article-title":"Evaluating causality of gut microbiota in obesity and diabetes in humans","volume":"39","author":"Meijnikman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.08.037","article-title":"Gut microbiota, cannabinoid system and neuroimmune interactions: new perspectives in multiple sclerosis","volume":"157","author":"Mestre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.215665","article-title":"Composition and energy harvesting capacity of the gut microbiota: relationship to diet, obesity and time in mouse models","volume":"59","author":"Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e31802fa2a8","article-title":"Treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with moxifloxacin","volume":"100","author":"Ogrendik","year":"2007","journal-title":"South. Med. J"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12322","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i43.12322","article-title":"Effect of rifaximin on gut microbiota composition in advanced liver disease and its complications","volume":"21","author":"Ponziani","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastroentero"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4491","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i25.4491","article-title":"Eubiotic properties of rifaximin: disruption of the traditional concepts in gut microbiota modulation","volume":"23","author":"Ponziani","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroentero"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.037","article-title":"Protective effect of quercetin on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice is mediated by modulating intestinal microbiota imbalance and related gut-liver axis activation","volume":"102","author":"Porras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radical. Bio. Med"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i28.3130","article-title":"Moxibustion treatment modulates the gut microbiota and immune function in a dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis rat model","volume":"24","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872632","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/872632","article-title":"The link between ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, Klebsiella, and starch consumption","volume":"2013","author":"Rashid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118878","article-title":"Normal luminal bacteria, especially Bacteroides species, mediate chronic colitis, gastritis, and arthritis in HLA-B27\/human beta2 microglobulin transgenic rats","volume":"98","author":"Rath","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.3","article-title":"Gut microbiome composition and function in experimental colitis during active disease and treatment-induced remission","volume":"8","author":"Rooks","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-016-0614-8","article-title":"The microbiome: a revolution in treatment for rheumatic diseases?","volume":"18","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3680","article-title":"Regulatory B cells are induced by gut microbiota\u2013driven interleukin-1\u03b2 and interleukin-6 production","volume":"20","author":"Rosser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e97815","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097815","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid decreases intestinal permeability and increases expression of intestinal tight junction proteins in weaned rats challenged with LPS","volume":"9","author":"Ruan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-015-1064-1","article-title":"The microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"50","author":"Sheehan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113406","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113406","article-title":"Composition of intestinal microbiota in immune-deficient mice kept in three different housing conditions","volume":"9","author":"Thoene-Reineke","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-0627-2","article-title":"Effects of rifaximin on central responses to social stress\u2014a pilot experiment","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-017-1271-6","article-title":"Quantitative metagenomics reveals unique gut microbiome biomarkers in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"18","author":"Wen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3353","article-title":"A catalog of the mouse gut metagenome","volume":"33","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.10.026","article-title":"Rifaximin alters intestinal bacteria and prevents stress-induced gut inflammation and visceral hyperalgesia in rats","volume":"146","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1039\/c7fo01677h","article-title":"The effect of fucoidan on intestinal flora and intestinal barrier function in rats with breast cancer","volume":"9","author":"Xue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17122126","article-title":"A possible role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00044\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,3]],"date-time":"2019-03-03T23:38:06Z","timestamp":1551656286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00044\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00044","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]]},"article-number":"44"}}