{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:15:29Z","timestamp":1790644529902,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRK2046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRK2046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T04:37:08Z","timestamp":1551760628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["From Entry to Early Dissemination\u2014Toxoplasma gondii's Initial Encounter With Its Host"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Estefania","family":"Delgado Betancourt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt T.","family":"Fabian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Klotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Seeber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00341","article-title":"Toxoplasma co-infection prevents Th2 differentiation and leads to a Helminth-specific Th1 response","volume":"7","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.04.002","article-title":"The intestinal epithelium: central coordinator of mucosal immunity","volume":"39","author":"Allaire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.12.003","article-title":"Combined action of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors and TLR11\/TLR12 heterodimers imparts resistance to Toxoplasma gondii in mice","volume":"13","author":"Andrade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00486.x","article-title":"Transepithelial migration of Toxoplasma gondii involves an interaction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) with the parasite adhesin MIC2","volume":"7","author":"Barragan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020258","article-title":"Transepithelial migration of Toxoplasma gondii is linked to parasite motility and virulence","volume":"195","author":"Barragan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00282","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00282-18","article-title":"Modeling host-pathogen interactions in the context of the microenvironment: three-dimensional cell culture comes of age","volume":"86","author":"Barrila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2016.09.014","article-title":"Modeling infectious diseases and host-microbe interactions in gastrointestinal organoids","volume":"420","author":"Bartfeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/53359","article-title":"Organoids as model for infectious diseases: culture of human and murine stomach organoids and microinjection of Helicobacter pylori","author":"Bartfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002992","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002992","article-title":"The polymorphic pseudokinase ROP5 controls virulence in Toxoplasma gondii by regulating the active kinase ROP18","volume":"8","author":"Behnke","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091014-104100","article-title":"Lytic cycle of Toxoplasma gondii: 15 years later","volume":"69","author":"Blader","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01080","article-title":"Host-Toxoplasma gondii coadaptation leads to fine tuning of the immune response","volume":"8","author":"Brasil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155416656349","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction of Caco-2 Cells","volume":"64","author":"Brice\u00f1o","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.01.001","article-title":"Loss of paneth cell autophagy causes acute susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii-mediated inflammation","volume":"23","author":"Burger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s13364-011-0049-6","article-title":"Diet differentiation between European arvicoline and murine rodents","volume":"56","author":"Butet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Theriol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00692.x","article-title":"Mucosal defences against orally acquired protozoan parasites, emphasis on Toxoplasma gondii infections","volume":"8","author":"Buzoni-Gatel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.08.002","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii and subversion of the immune system","volume":"22","author":"Buzoni-Gatel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001410403","article-title":"Origin, differentiation and renewal of the four main epithelial cell types in the mouse small intestine","volume":"141","author":"Cheng","year":"1974","journal-title":"I. Columnar cell. Am. J. Anat."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2007.08.017","article-title":"Transmembrane proteins of tight junctions","volume":"1778","author":"Chiba","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-030212-183744","article-title":"Paneth cells: maestros of the small intestinal crypts","volume":"75","author":"Clevers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.25","article-title":"Border maneuvers: deployment of mucosal immune defences against","volume":"7","author":"Cohen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxoplasma gondii. Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12164","article-title":"The gut mucosal immune response to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"37","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1913","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1220272110","article-title":"Motile invaded neutrophils in the small intestine of Toxoplasma gondii-infected mice reveal a potential mechanism for parasite spread","volume":"110","author":"Coombes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-02-0666","article-title":"CD11c- and CD11b-expressing mouse leukocytes transport single Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites to the brain","volume":"107","author":"Courret","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0208558","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208558","article-title":"Modelling Toxoplasma gondii infection in a 3D cell culture system in vitro: comparison with infection in 2D cell monolayers","volume":"13","author":"Danielson","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007040","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007040","article-title":"Potential public health benefits from cat eradications on islands","volume":"13","author":"de Wit","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-018-2924-9","article-title":"Developing a 3D intestinal epithelium model for livestock species","volume":"375","author":"Derricott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(86)90070-1","article-title":"A review of toxoplasmosis in pigs","volume":"19","author":"Dubey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2001)087[0215:OSBCFI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Oocyst shedding by cats fed isolated bradyzoites and comparison of infectivity of bradyzoites of the VEG strain Toxoplasma gondii to cats and mice","volume":"87","author":"Dubey","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.03.018","article-title":"Comparative infectivity of oocysts and bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii for intermediate (mice) and definitive (cats) hosts","volume":"140","author":"Dubey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.2.267","article-title":"Structures of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, bradyzoites and sporozoites and biology and development of tissue cysts","volume":"11","author":"Dubey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.2307\/3284277","article-title":"Low seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in feral pigs from a remote island lacking cats","volume":"83","author":"Dubey","year":"","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.2307\/3284282","article-title":"Oocyst-induced murine toxoplasmosis: life cycle, pathogenicity, and stage conversion in mice fed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts","volume":"83","author":"Dubey","year":"","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12516","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12516","article-title":"Group 1 innate lymphoid cells in Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"40","author":"Dunay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00238","article-title":"Translational rodent models for research on parasitic protozoa-a review of confounders and possibilities","volume":"7","author":"Ehret","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.04.002","article-title":"The Toxoplasma pseudokinase ROP5 forms complexes with ROP18 and ROP17 kinases that synergize to control acute virulence in mice","volume":"15","author":"Etheridge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6389","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300365","article-title":"Comparative analysis of monocyte subsets in the pig","volume":"190","author":"Fairbairn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130753","article-title":"Paneth cell extrusion and release of antimicrobial products is directly controlled by immune cell-derived IFN-gamma","volume":"211","author":"Farin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001358","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001358","article-title":"A Toxoplasma gondii pseudokinase inhibits host IRG resistance proteins","volume":"10","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.6.3729","article-title":"Identification of RNA sequence motifs stimulating sequence-specific TLR8-dependent immune responses","volume":"180","author":"Forsbach","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7022","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901642","article-title":"TLR9-dependent induction of intestinal alpha-defensins by Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"184","author":"Foureau","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29955","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029955","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of fractionated Toxoplasma oocysts reveals clues to their environmental resistance","volume":"7","author":"Fritz","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2015.00028","article-title":"Tff peptides play a role in the immune response following oral infection of mice with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"5","author":"Fu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.01.004","article-title":"Innate resistance against Toxoplasma gondii: an evolutionary tale of mice, cats, and men","volume":"15","author":"Gazzinelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2016.68","article-title":"Intestinal tuft cells: epithelial sentinels linking luminal cues to the immune system","volume":"9","author":"Gerbe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2008.01055.x","article-title":"Regulation of toll-like receptors in intestinal epithelial cells by stress and Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"30","author":"Gopal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01126-12","article-title":"Replication and distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in the small intestine after oral infection with tissue cysts","volume":"81","author":"Gregg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0173018","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173018","article-title":"An in vitro model of intestinal infection reveals a developmentally regulated transcriptome of Toxoplasma sporozoites and a NF-\u03baB-like signature in infected host cells","volume":"12","author":"Guiton","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12163","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii dissemination: a parasite's journey through the infected host","volume":"37","author":"Harker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0177-8","article-title":"Modelling Cryptosporidium infection in human small intestinal and lung organoids","volume":"3","author":"Heo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29132","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.29132","article-title":"Bacterial colonization stimulates a complex physiological response in the immature human intestinal epithelium","volume":"6","author":"Hill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2858","article-title":"Modulation of innate immunity by Toxoplasma gondii virulence effectors","volume":"10","author":"Hunter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy088","article-title":"Adhesive interactions between mononuclear phagocytes and intestinal epithelium perturb normal epithelial differentiation and serve as a therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Ihara","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.05.003","article-title":"Host innate immune receptors and beyond: making sense of microbial infections","volume":"3","author":"Ishii","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00232","article-title":"Strain- and dose-dependent reduction of Toxoplasma gondii burden in pigs is associated with interferon-gamma production by CD8(+) lymphocytes in a heterologous challenge model","volume":"7","author":"Jennes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4838","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.10.4838-4844.1998","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites form spontaneously during sporozoite-initiated development","volume":"66","author":"Jerome","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.88","article-title":"Immunological aspects of intestinal mucus and mucins","volume":"16","author":"Johansson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1273865","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2016.1273865","article-title":"Mechanisms and pathways of Toxoplasma gondii transepithelial migration","volume":"5","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2001)087[0108:TTOTGI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Transplacental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in minipigs infected with strains of different virulence","volume":"87","author":"Jungersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0139104","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139104","article-title":"Infection by Toxoplasma gondii induces amoeboid-like migration of dendritic cells in a three-dimensional collagen matrix","volume":"10","author":"Kanatani","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2012.07.010","article-title":"Stem cell-derived cell cultures and organoids for protozoan parasite propagation and studying host-parasite interaction","volume":"302","author":"Klotz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.09.016","article-title":"Recognition of profilin by Toll-like receptor 12 is critical for host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"38","author":"Koblansky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16001","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.1","article-title":"Endothelial cells are a replicative niche for entry of Toxoplasma gondii to the central nervous system","volume":"1","author":"Konradt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2017.10.013","article-title":"Development and characterization of a human and mouse intestinal epithelial cell monolayer platform","volume":"9","author":"Kozuka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01417.x","article-title":"Modelling parasite dissemination: host cell subversion and immune evasion by Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"12","author":"Lambert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00843","article-title":"Parasite-microbiota interactions with the vertebrate gut: synthesis through an ecological lens","volume":"9","author":"Leung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01298","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01298","article-title":"Reciprocal virulence and resistance polymorphism in the relationship between Toxoplasma gondii and the house mouse","volume":"2","author":"Lilue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.01.016","article-title":"Avirulence and lysozyme secretion in Paneth cells after infection of BALB\/c mice with oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii strains TgCatCHn2 (ToxoDB#17) and TgCatCHn4 (ToxoDB#9)","volume":"252","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2014.03.022","article-title":"The porcine innate immune system: an update","volume":"45","author":"Mair","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103374","article-title":"Trefoil factor 2 negatively regulates type 1 immunity against Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"189","author":"McBerry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13104","article-title":"Xenotransplantation: back to the future?","volume":"31","author":"Meier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2011.11.002","article-title":"The pig: a model for human infectious diseases","volume":"20","author":"Meurens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760140318","article-title":"Experimental infection with the Toxoplasma gondii ME-49 strain in the Brazilian BR-1 mini pig is a suitable animal model for human toxoplasmosis","volume":"110","author":"Miranda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis","volume":"363","author":"Montoya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2016.04.009","article-title":"The impact of Toxoplasma gondii on the mammalian genome","volume":"32","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxy065","article-title":"Recent progress in organoid culture to model intestinal epithelial barrier functions","volume":"31","author":"Nakamura","year":"2018"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3260289","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3260289","article-title":"Experimental porcine Toxoplasma gondii infection as a representative model for human toxoplasmosis","volume":"2017","author":"Nau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002784","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002784","article-title":"The rhoptry proteins ROP18 and ROP5 mediate Toxoplasma gondii evasion of the murine, but not the human, interferon-gamma response","volume":"8","author":"Niedelman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45270","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45270","article-title":"A primary human macrophage-enteroid co-culture model to investigate mucosal gut physiology and host-pathogen interactions","volume":"7","author":"Noel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-016-1170-8","article-title":"Co-culture with intestinal epithelial organoids allows efficient expansion and motility analysis of intraepithelial lymphocytes","volume":"51","author":"Nozaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e338","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2017.20","article-title":"Roles of intestinal epithelial cells in the maintenance of gut homeostasis","volume":"49","author":"Okumura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12808","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12808","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection shifts dendritic cells into an amoeboid rapid migration mode encompassing podosome dissolution, secretion of TIMP-1, and reduced proteolysis of extracellular matrix","volume":"20","author":"\u00d3lafsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5255","article-title":"Diverse matrix metalloproteinase functions regulate cancer amoeboid migration","volume":"5","author":"Orgaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12182","article-title":"The mucus and mucins of the goblet cells and enterocytes provide the first defense line of the gastrointestinal tract and interact with the immune system","volume":"260","author":"Pelaseyed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2508","article-title":"Parasite-induced TH1 cells and intestinal dysbiosis cooperate in IFN-\u03b3-dependent elimination of Paneth cells","volume":"14","author":"Raetz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9625","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015980108","article-title":"Polymorphic family of injected pseudokinases is paramount in Toxoplasma virulence","volume":"108","author":"Reese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9577","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502272102","article-title":"The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptors","volume":"102","author":"Roach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63304-4","article-title":"Degranulation of paneth cells via toll-like receptor 9","volume":"165","author":"Rumio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09637","article-title":"Paneth cells constitute the niche for Lgr5 stem cells in intestinal crypts","volume":"469","author":"Sato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90681-9","article-title":"Carbamylcholine- and catecholamine-induced intracellular calcium dynamics of epithelial cells in mouse ileal crypts","volume":"108","author":"Satoh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2013.11.002","article-title":"Functional repair of CFTR by CRISPR\/Cas9 in intestinal stem cell organoids of cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"13","author":"Schwank","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.12","article-title":"Innate recognition of Toxoplasma gondii in humans involves a mechanism distinct from that utilized by rodents","volume":"14","author":"Sher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2007.01.008","article-title":"Maternal-fetal transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in interferon-gamma deficient pregnant mice","volume":"56","author":"Shiono","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182097001959","article-title":"Ultrastructure of early stages of infections in mice fed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts","volume":"116","author":"Speer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(95)02515-4","article-title":"Sporozoites of Toxoplasma gondii lack dense-granule protein GRA3 and form a unique parasitophorous vacuole","volume":"75","author":"Speer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022114-111009","article-title":"Comparative dendritic cell biology of veterinary mammals","volume":"3","author":"Summerfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3128869","article-title":"Interferon-gamma: the major mediator of resistance against Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"240","author":"Suzuki","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)00673-2","article-title":"Apicomplexan parasites contain a single lipoic acid synthase located in the plastid","volume":"547","author":"Thomsen-Zieger","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501558","article-title":"The IL-12 response of primary human dendritic cells and monocytes to Toxoplasma gondii is stimulated by phagocytosis of live parasites rather than host cell invasion","volume":"196","author":"Tosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.03.015","article-title":"Kinetics of acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii and histopathological changes in the duodenum of rats","volume":"165","author":"Trevizan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2008.06.001","article-title":"Porcine toll-like receptors: the front line of pathogen monitoring and possible implications for disease resistance","volume":"33","author":"Uenishi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.07.019","article-title":"Genomic survey of polymorphisms in pattern recognition receptors and their possible relationship to infections in pigs","volume":"148","author":"Uenishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900764","article-title":"TLR4-mediated podosome loss discriminates gram-negative from gram-positive bacteria in their capacity to induce dendritic cell migration and maturation","volume":"184","author":"van Helden","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-55-83","article-title":"Pup mortality in laboratory mice\u2013infanticide or not?","volume":"55","author":"Weber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2008.06.006","article-title":"Maternal behaviour in Mus musculus sp.: an ethological review","volume":"114","author":"Weber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.09.006","article-title":"Tightly regulated migratory subversion of immune cells promotes the dissemination of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"44","author":"Weidner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12145","article-title":"Rapid cytoskeleton remodelling in dendritic cells following invasion by Toxoplasma gondii coincides with the onset of a hypermigratory phenotype","volume":"15","author":"Weidner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06534.x","article-title":"The protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii targets the paracellular pathway to invade the intestinal epithelium","volume":"1258","author":"Weight","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2015.07.001","article-title":"Elucidating pathways of Toxoplasma gondii invasion in the gastrointestinal tract: involvement of the tight junction protein occludin","volume":"17","author":"Weight","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microb. Infect."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2018.05.004","article-title":"A high-throughput organoid microinjection platform to study gastrointestinal microbiota and luminal physiology","volume":"6","author":"Williamson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3598","article-title":"Innate immunity to Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"14","author":"Yarovinsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109893","article-title":"TLR11 activation of dendritic cells by a protozoan profilin-like protein","volume":"308","author":"Yarovinsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021115-105211","article-title":"The contributions of human mini-intestines to the study of intestinal physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"79","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094351","article-title":"A toll-like receptor that prevents infection by uropathogenic bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00046\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]],"date-time":"2020-11-29T05:32:30Z","timestamp":1606627950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00046\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"references-count":113,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00046","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"article-number":"46"}}