{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:29:29Z","timestamp":1790724569542,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cell wall is a ubiquitous structure in the fungal kingdom, with some features varying depending on the species. Additional external structures can be present, such as the capsule of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Cn<\/jats:italic>), its major virulence factor, mainly composed of glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), with anti-phagocytic and anti-inflammatory properties. The literature shows that other cryptococcal species and even more evolutionarily distant species, such as the <jats:italic>Trichosporon asahii, T. mucoides<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis<\/jats:italic> can produce GXM-like polysaccharides displaying serological reactivity to GXM-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and these complex polysaccharides have similar composition and anti-phagocytic properties to cryptococcal GXM. Previously, we demonstrated that the fungus <jats:italic>Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc)<\/jats:italic> incorporates, surface\/secreted GXM of <jats:italic>Cn<\/jats:italic> and the surface accumulation of the polysaccharide enhances <jats:italic>Hc<\/jats:italic> virulence <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. In this work, we characterized the ability of <jats:italic>Hc<\/jats:italic> to produce cellular-attached (C-gly-<jats:italic>Hc<\/jats:italic>) and secreted (E-gly) glycans with reactivity to GXM mAbs. These C-gly-<jats:italic>Hc<\/jats:italic> are readily incorporated on the surface of acapsular <jats:italic>Cn<\/jats:italic> cap59; however, in contrast to <jats:italic>Cn<\/jats:italic> GXM, C-gly-<jats:italic>Hc<\/jats:italic> had no xylose and glucuronic acid in its composition. Mapping of recognized <jats:italic>Cn<\/jats:italic> GXM synthesis\/export proteins confirmed the presence of orthologs in the <jats:italic>Hc<\/jats:italic> database. Evaluation of C-gly and E-gly of <jats:italic>Hc<\/jats:italic> from strains of distinct monophyletic clades showed serological reactivity to GXM mAbs, despite slight differences in their molecular dimensions. These C-gly-<jats:italic>Hc<\/jats:italic> and E-gly-<jats:italic>Hc<\/jats:italic> also reacted with sera of cryptococcosis patients. In turn, sera from histoplasmosis patients recognized <jats:italic>Cn<\/jats:italic> glycans, suggesting immunogenicity and the presence of cross-reacting antibodies. Additionally, C-gly-<jats:italic>Hc<\/jats:italic> and E-gly-<jats:italic>Hc<\/jats:italic> coated <jats:italic>Cn<\/jats:italic> cap59 were more resistant to phagocytosis and macrophage killing. C-gly-<jats:italic>Hc<\/jats:italic> and E-gly-<jats:italic>Hc<\/jats:italic> coated <jats:italic>Cn<\/jats:italic> cap59 were also able to kill larvae of <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>. These GXM-like <jats:italic>Hc<\/jats:italic> glycans, as well as those produced by other pathogenic fungi, may also be important during host-pathogen interactions, and factors associated with their regulation are potentially important targets for the management of histoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.565571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T05:16:17Z","timestamp":1610082977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Histoplasma capsulatum Glycans From Distinct Genotypes Share Structural and Serological Similarities to Cryptococcus neoformans Glucuronoxylomannan"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Diego de Souza","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Rodriguez de La Noval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina da Silva","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro","family":"Honorato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glauber Ribeiro de Sousa","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Frases","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Vera","family":"Pizzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Nosanchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radames J. 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