{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:58:21Z","timestamp":1780073901570,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ-00921-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-00921-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBB-APQ 01419-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBB-APQ 01419-14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PPM 00304-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPM 00304-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.583899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T06:21:52Z","timestamp":1602742912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Neuronal Parasitism, Early Myenteric Neurons Depopulation and Continuous Axonal Networking Damage as Underlying Mechanisms of the Experimental Intestinal Chagas' Disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mayra Fernanda","family":"Ricci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha Ribeiro","family":"B\u00e9la","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele Macedo","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Terezinha","family":"Bahia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Lia","family":"Mazzeti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anny Carolline Silva","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana Oliveira","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Rad\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Piacenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa Maria Esteves","family":"Arantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821997000100018","article-title":"Contribution to the study of pathology and pathogenesis of chagasic mecolon","volume":"30","author":"Adad","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651991000600004","article-title":"Pathological anatomy of chagasic megaesophagus","volume":"33","author":"Adad","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sa\u00f5 Paulo"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280000319","article-title":"Neuron count reevaluation in the myenteric plexus of chagasic megacolon after morphometric neuron analysis","volume":"438","author":"Adad","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-012-1349-1","article-title":"The development of chagasic megacolon requires severe denervation and the reduction in interstitial cells of Cajal number might be a contributing factor","volume":"462","author":"Adad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2013.06.009","article-title":"3-Nitrotyrosine: A biomarker of nitrogen free radical species modified proteins in systemic autoimmunogenic conditions","volume":"74","author":"Ahsan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4819","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4819-4826.1999","article-title":"Beta-chemokines enhance parasite uptake and promote nitric oxide-dependent microbiostatic activity in murine inflammatory macrophages infected with Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"67","author":"Aliberti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.09.003","article-title":"Interferon-gamma induced nitric oxide mediates in vitro neuronal damage by Trypanosoma cruzi-infected macrophages","volume":"25","author":"Almeida-Leite","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(87)90062-2","article-title":"Stage-specific surface antigens expressed during the morphogenesis of vertebrate forms of Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"64","author":"Andrews","year":"1987","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90186-8","article-title":"Glutamate-induced neuronal death: a succession of necrosis or apoptosis depending on mitochondrial function","volume":"15","author":"Ankarcrona","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200001170-00035","article-title":"Early damage of sympathetic neurons after co-culture with macrophages: a model of neuronal injury in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Arantes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410050908","article-title":"Distribution of enteroglucagon- and peptide YY-immunoreactive cells in the intestinal mucosa of germ-free and conventional mice","volume":"290","author":"Arantes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63222-1","article-title":"Interferon-gamma-induced nitric oxide causes intrinsic intestinal denervation in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice","volume":"164","author":"Arantes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.03.017","article-title":"On the specificity of 4-amino-5-methylamino-2\u2032, 7\u2032-difluorofluorescein as a probe for nitric oxide","volume":"39","author":"Balcerczyk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2016.6787","article-title":"Tyrosine-nitrated proteins: proteomic and bioanalytical aspects","volume":"26","author":"Batthy\u00e1ny","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X311740","article-title":"Chronic American trypanosomiasis: parasite persistence in endomyocardial biopsies is associated with high-grade myocarditis","volume":"102","author":"Benvenuti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2728(76)90096-7","article-title":"Dimethylaminostyrylmethylpyridiniumiodine (daspmi) as a fluorescent probe for mitochondria in situ","volume":"15","author":"Bereiter-Hahn","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.2174\/156652408785748004","article-title":"Chagas heart disease pathogenesis: one mechanism or many?","volume":"8","author":"Bonney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761993000400005","article-title":"Difference in susceptibility to lysis between clones of the Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"88","author":"Braga","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1080\/10715769900301161","article-title":"Endogenous nitric oxide synthesis: biological functions and pathophysiology","volume":"31","author":"Bredt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1038\/347768a0","article-title":"Localization of nitric oxide synthase indicating a neural role for nitric oxide","volume":"347","author":"Bredt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"389","article-title":"Therapeutic activity and criterion of cure on mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"4","author":"Brener","year":"1962","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sa\u00f5 Paulo"},{"key":"B22","volume-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi e Doen\u00e7a de Chagas.","author":"Brener","year":"2000"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.6.3356","article-title":"Peroxynitrite inhibits T lymphocyte activation and proliferation by promoting impairment of tyrosine phosphorylation and peroxynitrite-driven apoptotic death","volume":"162","author":"Brito","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00073","article-title":"Sirtuin-3 is expressed by enteric neurons but it does not play a major role in their regulation of oxidative stress","volume":"10","author":"Bubenheimer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1086\/655680","article-title":"Molecular identification of Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in end-stage chronic chagas heart disease and reactivation after heart transplantation","volume":"51","author":"Burgos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(98)80066-0","article-title":"Signaling and host cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"1","author":"Burleigh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0153038","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153038","article-title":"Enteric neuronal damage, intramuscular denervation and smooth muscle phenotype changes as mechanisms of chagasic megacolon: evidence from a long-term murine model of Tripanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"11","author":"Campos","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5305","article-title":"MnSOD in oxidative stress response-potential regulation via mitochondrial protein influx","volume":"20","author":"Candas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822012000300014","article-title":"Occurrence of dolichocolon without megacolon in chronic chagas disease patients","volume":"45","author":"Castro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2105607","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in neurodegenerative diseases: from a mitochondrial point of view","volume":"2019","author":"Cenini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1270256","article-title":"Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in neurodegenerative diseases: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies","volume":"2020","author":"Cenini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.2.599","article-title":"Calmodulin is a subunit of nitric oxide synthase from macrophages","volume":"176","author":"Cho","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0255","article-title":"Altered cardiomyocyte function and Trypanosoma cruzi persistence in chagas disease","volume":"94","author":"Cruz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(03)00093-8","article-title":"Rapid quantitation of Trypanosoma cruzi in host tissue by real-time PCR","volume":"129","author":"Cummings","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.043","article-title":"Substance P and NK1 receptor expression in the enteric nervous system is related to the development of chagasic megacolon","volume":"102","author":"Da Silveira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005008061","article-title":"Comparative study of the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi kDNA, inflammation and denervation in chagasic patients with and without megaesophagus","volume":"131","author":"da Silveira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-0276130492","article-title":"Sympathetic glial cells and macrophages develop different responses to Trypanosoma cruzi infection or lipopolysaccharide stimulation","volume":"109","author":"de Almeida-Leite","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"B38","first-page":"1119","article-title":"The spectrum of esophageal motor disorders in chagas' disease","volume":"90","author":"de Oliveira","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.270_r.x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal manifestations of chagas' disease","volume":"93","author":"De Oliveira","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X1988000300001","article-title":"Peripheral denervation in the various clinical forms of chagas' disease","volume":"46","author":"DeFaria","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arq. Neuropsiquiatr."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0144033","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144033","article-title":"The combination of vitamin K3 and vitamin C has synergic activity against forms of Trypanosoma cruzi through a redox imbalance process","volume":"10","author":"Desoti","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005852","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005852","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte oxidants production may signal to T. cruzi intracellular development","volume":"11","author":"Dias","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"B43","first-page":"207","article-title":"Miocarditis chag\u00e1sica","volume":"77","author":"Ducci","year":"1949","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Chil."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12107","article-title":"Immunoregulatory networks in human chagas disease","volume":"36","author":"Dutra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.10.025","article-title":"Men and mice: relating their ages","volume":"152","author":"Dutta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20170698","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte diffusible redox mediators control Trypanosoma cruzi infection: role of parasite mitochondrial iron superoxide dismutase","volume":"475","author":"Estrada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1086\/516130","article-title":"Reactivation of chagas' disease in patients with AIDS: report of three new cases and review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Ferreira","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012369454-6\/50074-1","article-title":"\u201cThe mouse in aging research,\u201d","volume-title":"The Mouse in Biomedical Research","author":"Flurkey","year":"2007"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr304","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function","volume":"33","author":"Forstermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1999.4451","article-title":"Nitric oxide is involved in the lesions of the peripheral autonomic neurons observed in the acute phase of experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"93","author":"Garcia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830221006","article-title":"The microbicidal activity of interferon-gamma-treated macrophages against Trypanosoma cruzi involves an L-arginine-dependent, nitrogen oxide-mediated mechanism inhibitable by interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta","volume":"22","author":"Gazzinelli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.36.41","article-title":"Peripheral nervous system damage in experimental chronic chagas' disease","volume":"36","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez Cappa","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3998\/panc.2016.32","article-title":"Determination of reactive oxygen species production in pancreatic acinar cells","volume":"1","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pancreapedia Exocrine Pancreas Knowl. Base"},{"key":"B54","first-page":"195","article-title":"Dilataci\u00f3n del tracto digestivo de ratones infectados con Trypanosoma cruzi [Digestive tract dilation in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi]","volume":"42","author":"Guill\u00e9n-Pern\u00eda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest. Clin."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.08.008","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi infection disturbs mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production rate in cardiomyocytes","volume":"47","author":"Gupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59434","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059434","article-title":"TcVac3 induced control of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and chronic myocarditis in mice","volume":"8","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B57","first-page":"21","article-title":"Anatomia e fisiologia do esf\u00edncter interno do \u00e2nus","volume":"3","author":"Habr-Gama","year":"1970","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Colo-Proctol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-749-1:1","article-title":"Enzymology of nitric oxide synthases","volume":"100","author":"Hemmens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/1054-8807(93)90021-S","article-title":"Correlation between Trypanosoma cruzi parasitism and myocardial inflammatory infiltrate in human chronic chagasic myocarditis: light microscopy and immunohistochemical findings","volume":"2","author":"Higuchi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Pathol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.56.485","article-title":"Association of an increase in CD8+ T cells with the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi antigens in chronic, human, chagasic myocarditis","volume":"56","author":"Higuchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-010-0774-y","article-title":"Partial, selective survival of nitrergic neurons in chagasic megacolon","volume":"135","author":"Jabari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-012-1500-0","article-title":"Preponderance of inhibitory versus excitatory intramuscular nerve fibres in human chagasic megacolon","volume":"27","author":"Jabari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Colorectal Dis."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e592","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.12331","article-title":"Interstitial cells of cajal: crucial for the development of megacolon in human chagas' disease?","volume":"15","author":"Jabari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-014-1250-x","article-title":"Chagasic megacolon: enteric neurons and related structures","volume":"142","author":"Jabari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60472-8","article-title":"Chagas' disease and chagas' syndromes: the pathology of American trypanosomiasis","volume":"6","author":"Koberle","year":"1968","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"B66","first-page":"1057","article-title":"Mechanism of destruction of the neurons of the peripheral nervous system in changas' disease","volume":"57","author":"Koberle","year":"1960","journal-title":"Hospital"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1998.4245","article-title":"Role of mitochondrial membrane potential in concanavalin A-induced apoptosis in human fibroblasts","volume":"245","author":"Kulkarni","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.14.6.1035","article-title":"Chagas' disease","volume":"14","author":"Laranja","year":"1956","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00163-1","article-title":"Autoimmunity in chagas heart disease","volume":"31","author":"Leon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0247-2013","article-title":"Length and caliber of the rectosigmoid colon among patients with chagas disease and controls from areas at different altitudes","volume":"46","author":"Lopes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-018-0081-2","article-title":"Pathogenesis of chronic chagas disease: macrophages, mitochondria, and oxidative stress","volume":"5","author":"Lopez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Clin. Microbiol. Rep."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-012-0351-7","article-title":"Current understanding of immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi infection and pathogenesis of chagas disease","volume":"34","author":"Machado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/00034989958799","article-title":"Vasoactive-intestinal-peptide- and substance-P-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the myenteric plexus of mouse colon during the chronic phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"93","author":"Maifrino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.07.007","article-title":"1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives of R-(+)-limonene benzaldehyde-thiosemicarbazones cause death in Trypanosoma cruzi through oxidative stress","volume":"18","author":"Martins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12259","article-title":"Treatment with low doses of aspirin during chronic phase of experimental chagas' disease increases oesophageal nitrergic neuronal subpopulation in mice","volume":"98","author":"Massocatto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761999000700066","article-title":"Clinical treatment of the digestive form of chagas disease","volume":"94","author":"Meneghelli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822004000300012","article-title":"Chagasic enteropathy","volume":"37","author":"Meneghelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"B78","first-page":"127","article-title":"Basal motility of dilated and non-dilated sigmoid colon and rectum in chagas' disease","volume":"19","author":"Meneghelli","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arq. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1159\/000198945","article-title":"Effect of pentagastrin on the motor activity of the dilated and nondilated sigmoid and rectum in chagas' disease","volume":"27","author":"Meneghelli","year":"1983","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1997.267-ce1166.x","article-title":"Different Trypanosoma cruzi strains promote neuromyopathic damage mediated by distinct T lymphocyte subsets","volume":"107","author":"Mirkin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1994.1171","article-title":"Experimental chagas' disease: electrophysiology and cell composition of the neuromyopathic inflammatory lesions in mice infected with a myotropic and a pantropic strain of Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"73","author":"Mirkin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1590\/S0001-37652011000200014","article-title":"Neuronal changes caused by Trypanosoma cruzi: an experimental model","volume":"83","author":"Moreira","year":"2011","journal-title":"An. Acad. Bras. Cienc."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2009.05.018","article-title":"Characterization of enteroglial cells and denervation process in chagasic patients with and without megaesophagus","volume":"41","author":"Nascimento","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31612-4","article-title":"Chagas disease","volume":"391","author":"P\u00e9rez-Molina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2007.04.005","article-title":"Innervation of the gastrointestinal tract: patterns of aging","volume":"136","author":"Phillips","year":"2007","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2009.06.011","article-title":"Fighting the oxidative assault: the Trypanosoma cruzi journey to infection","volume":"12","author":"Piacenza","year":"","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.05.010","article-title":"Enzymes of the antioxidant network as novel determiners of Trypanosoma cruzi virulence","volume":"39","author":"Piacenza","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2001.1401","article-title":"Immune response, nitric oxide, autonomic dysfunction and stroke: a puzzling linkage on Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"58","author":"Pinto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26464","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R113.472936","article-title":"Peroxynitrite, a stealthy biological oxidant","volume":"288","author":"Radi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5839","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1804932115","article-title":"Oxygen radicals, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite: redox pathways in molecular medicine","volume":"115","author":"Radi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2012.03.002","article-title":"American trypanosomiasis (chagas disease)","volume":"26","author":"Rassi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02237058","article-title":"Effect of Chagas' disease on nitric oxide-containing neurons in severely affected and unaffected intestine","volume":"41","author":"Ribeiro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01780.x","article-title":"The involvement of nitric oxide synthase neurons in enteric neuropathies","volume":"23","author":"Rivera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2009000300001","article-title":"Immunodominance: a new hypothesis to explain parasite escape and host\/parasite equilibrium leading to the chronic phase of chagas' disease?","volume":"42","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2009","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2000000100006","article-title":"Total and segmental colonic transit time in constipated patients with chagas' disease without megaesophagus or megacolon","volume":"33","author":"Santos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brazilian J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir956","article-title":"Oral transmission of chagas disease","volume":"54","author":"Shikanai-Yasuda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50688","DOI":"10.3791\/50688","article-title":"An in-vitro preparation of isolated enteric neurons and glia from the myenteric plexus of the adult mouse","volume":"7","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1590\/S0001-37652001000400008","article-title":"The pathogenesis of chagas' disease: when autoimmune and parasite-specific immune responses meet","volume":"73","author":"Soares","year":"2001","journal-title":"An. Acad. Bras. Cienc."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3851","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101677","article-title":"Aging-dependent decrease in the numbers of enteric neurons, interstitial cells of cajal and expression of connexin43 in various regions of gastrointestinal tract","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B100","first-page":"76","article-title":"Myenteric plexus lesions in the esophagus, jejunum and colon of chronic chagasic patients. Electron microscopy study","volume":"13","author":"Tafuri","year":"1971","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sa\u00f5 Paulo"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.5.4.400","article-title":"Chagas' disease","volume":"5","author":"Tanowitz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00158-8","article-title":"Parasite persistence in the aetiology of chagas disease","volume":"31","author":"Tarleton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00063-10","article-title":"Pathogenesis of chagas' disease: parasite persistence and autoimmunity","volume":"24","author":"Teixeira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02283-3","article-title":"Chemokines, inflammation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"18","author":"Teixeira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"B105","first-page":"2153","article-title":"Kinetoplast DNA signatures of Trypanosoma cruzi strains obtained directly from infected tissues","volume":"149","author":"Vago","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0811-8","article-title":"Inflammatory responses and intestinal injury development during acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection are associated with the parasite load","volume":"8","author":"Vazquez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27727","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027727","article-title":"Differential regional and subtype-specific vulnerability of enteric neurons to mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"6","author":"Viader","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B108","first-page":"21","article-title":"Resposta do c\u00f3lon sigm\u00f3ide n\u00e3o ect\u00e1sico \u00e0 metacolina na forma cr\u00f4nica da mol\u00e9stia de chagas","volume":"16","author":"Vieira","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arq. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01778.x","article-title":"Selective responses of myenteric neurons to oxidative stress and diabetic stimuli","volume":"23","author":"Voukali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.11.024","article-title":"A rapid and efficient method for dissociated cultures of mouse myenteric neurons","volume":"261","author":"Wahba","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2010.00012","article-title":"Selective neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress in the brain","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01856","article-title":"Correlation of parasite burden, kDNA integration, autoreactive antibodies, and cytokine pattern in the pathophysiology of chagas disease","volume":"10","author":"Wesley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5688","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-18-05688.1996","article-title":"Mitochondrial depolarization in glutamate-stimulated neurons: an early signal specific to excitotoxin exposure","volume":"16","author":"White","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B114","unstructured":"Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis). Tech. UNDP\/World Bank\/WHO2018"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1086\/314889","article-title":"Parasite persistence correlates with disease severity and localization in chronic chagas' disease","volume":"180","author":"Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.09.017","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi genetic diversity: something new for something known about chagas disease manifestations, serodiagnosis and drug sensitivity","volume":"184","author":"Zingales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcimb.2020.583899\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T20:18:52Z","timestamp":1696882732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcimb.2020.583899\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"references-count":116,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2020.583899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2020.583899","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"article-number":"583899"}}