{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T12:08:18Z","timestamp":1785499698125,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":364,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI134810, R01AI137043, R01AI152110, R61\/33AI138280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI134810, R01AI137043, R01AI152110, R61\/33AI138280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1130017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1130017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>For centuries, hydrogen sulfide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S) was considered primarily as a poisonous gas and environmental hazard. However, with the discovery of prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes for H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S production, breakdown, and utilization, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S has emerged as an important signaling molecule in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Hence, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S is considered a gasotransmitter along with nitric oxide (\u2022NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Surprisingly, despite having overlapping functions with \u2022NO and CO, the role of host H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S in microbial pathogenesis is understudied and represents a gap in our knowledge. Given the numerous reports that followed the discovery of \u2022NO and CO and their respective roles in microbial pathogenesis, we anticipate a rapid increase in studies that further define the importance of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S in microbial pathogenesis, which may lead to new virulence paradigms. Therefore, this review provides an overview of sulfide chemistry, enzymatic production of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, and the importance of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S in metabolism and immunity in response to microbial pathogens. We then describe our current understanding of the role of host-derived H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S in tuberculosis (TB) disease, including its influences on host immunity and bioenergetics, and on<jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>Mtb)<\/jats:italic>growth and survival. Finally, this review discusses the utility of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S-donor compounds, inhibitors of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S-producing enzymes, and their potential clinical significance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.586923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T14:42:06Z","timestamp":1605019326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The Role of Host-Generated H2S in Microbial Pathogenesis: New Perspectives on Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Md. Aejazur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel N.","family":"Glasgow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajid","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineel P.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritesh R.","family":"Sevalkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Jack R.","family":"Lancaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrie J. 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