{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:59:19Z","timestamp":1790801959500,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31902291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31902291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>secretes a number of virulence-related effector proteins, such as the rhoptry protein 18 (ROP18). To further broaden our understanding of the molecular functions of ROP18, we examined the transcriptional response of human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) to ROP18 of type I<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>RH strain. Using RNA-sequencing, we compared the transcriptome of ROP18-expressing HEK293T cells to control HEK293T cells. Our analysis revealed that ROP18 altered the expression of 750 genes (467 upregulated genes and 283 downregulated genes) in HEK293T cells. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in extracellular matrix\u2013 and immune\u2013related GO terms and pathways. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were involved in several disease-related pathways, such as nervous system diseases and eye disease. ROP18 significantly increased the alternative splicing pattern \u201cretained intron\u201d and altered the expression of 144 transcription factors (TFs). These results provide new insight into how ROP18 may influence biological processes in the host cells<jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>altering the expression of genes, TFs, and pathways. More<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>studies are required to substantiate these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.586946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T06:14:20Z","timestamp":1606716860000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["ROP18-Mediated Transcriptional Reprogramming of HEK293T Cell Reveals New Roles of ROP18 in the Interplay Between Toxoplasma gondii and the Host Cell"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jie-Xi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Jun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hany M.","family":"Elsheikha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Pei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing-Quan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810.2019.1703014","article-title":"Novel homozygous loss-of-function mutations in RP1 and RP1L1 genes in retinitis pigmentosa patients","volume":"40","author":"Albarry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Genet."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1039\/c8mt00136g","article-title":"Metallome of cerebrovascular endothelial cells infected with Toxoplasma gondii using mu-XRF imaging and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","volume":"10","author":"Al-Sandaqchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8091386","article-title":"Structural, functional, and metabolic alterations in human cerebrovascular endothelial cells during Toxoplasma gondii infection and amelioration by verapamil in vitro","volume":"8","author":"Al-Sandaqchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E5344","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1801118115","article-title":"Encephalitis is mediated by ROP18 of Toxoplasma gondii, a severe pathogen in AIDS patients","volume":"115","author":"An","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. 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