{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T02:07:54Z","timestamp":1762999674070,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971147, 81972028, 81973104, 81772260, 81771312, 81672094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971147, 81972028, 81973104, 81772260, 81771312, 81672094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In total, 49 clinical samples were analyzed using two typing schemes, Enhanced Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  (ECDC) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), to describe the molecular characteristics of circulating <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic> isolates in Xiamen between 2016 and 2017. In addition, genetic mutations potentially related to antibiotic resistance of <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic> were also analyzed. Forty five samples were fully typed by ECDC, and 14 different subtypes were detected. The most common subtype was 16d\/f (24.4%), followed by 14d\/f (20.0%). All forty nine samples were successfully typed by MLST, while only four allelic profiles were identified, including three SS14-like profiles and one Nichols-like profile. Among them, the major allelic profile was 1.1.8 (85.7%). Interestingly, the allelic profile 1.3.1 widespread in Europe and North America was not detected in this region. Additionally, A2058G mutation in 23S rRNA was found in all detectable samples (38\/38), and no mutation in 16S rRNA was observed (36\/36). Four non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms in penicillin-binding protein genes were found in the 35 samples eligible for Sanger sequencing. Among them, the variant in <jats:italic>tp0500<\/jats:italic> (P564I) can only be found in the SS14-like isolates. Homoplastic changes in <jats:italic>tp0760<\/jats:italic> (I415F\/I415M) and <jats:italic>tp0705<\/jats:italic> (A506V\/A506T) were found. Moreover, the variant <jats:italic>tp0705<\/jats:italic> A506V and the variant <jats:italic>tp0705<\/jats:italic> A506T separately appeared in the SS14-like isolates and Nichols-like isolates, respectively. This study showed that the genotypes of <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic> isolates in Xiamen between 2016 and 2017 were different from those in other geographic areas. The resistance-related variants of <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic> isolates identified in this study could provide awareness for clinicians in the treatment of syphilis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.618747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T22:26:12Z","timestamp":1613859972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Molecular Characterization Based on MLST and ECDC Typing Schemes and Antibiotic Resistance Analyses of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum in Xiamen, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Min","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Zhen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Rong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Jun","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian-Ci","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11216-7","article-title":"Genomic epidemiology of syphilis reveals independent emergence of macrolide resistance across multiple circulating lineages","volume":"10","author":"Beale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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