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Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The earliest interaction between macrophages and<jats:italic>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>is particularly important in paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) progression, and surface proteins play a central role in this process. The present study investigated the contribution of \u03b22 integrin in<jats:italic>P. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>-macrophage interaction and PCM progression. We infected \u03b22-low expression (CD18<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>) and wild type (WT) mice with<jats:italic>P. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>18. Disease progression was evaluated for fungal burden, lung granulomatous lesions, nitrate levels, and serum antibody production. Besides, the<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>capacity of macrophages to internalize and kill fungal yeasts was investigated. Our results revealed that CD18<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>mice infected with Pb18 survived during the time analyzed; their lungs showed fewer granulomas, a lower fungal load, lower levels of nitrate, and production of high levels of IgG1 in comparison to WT animals. Our results revealed that<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>macrophages from CD18<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>mice slowly internalized yeast cells, showing a lower fungal burden compared to WT cells. The migration capacity of macrophages was compromised and showed a higher intensity in the lysosome signal when compared with WT mice. Our data suggest that \u03b22 integrins play an important role in fungal survival inside macrophages, and once phagocytosed, the macrophage may serve as a protective environment for<jats:italic>P. brasiliensis.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.622899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T06:09:44Z","timestamp":1615874984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["\u03b22 Integrin-Mediated Susceptibility to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Experimental Infection in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Stephan Alberto Machado","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janayna Nunes","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Cat\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre Correa","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Camila Oliveira","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice Melo","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00facia Helena","family":"Faccioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Pirani","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara Luna Freitas","family":"Marina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Henrique","family":"B\u00fcrgel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo Henrique","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anamelia Lorenzetti","family":"Bocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3056","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.6.3056","article-title":"Treatment of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis \u2013 infected mice with a nitric oxide inhibitor prevents the failure of cell-mediated immune response","volume":"161","author":"Bocca","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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