{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:30:44Z","timestamp":1792114244049,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":328,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infection with <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (Mtb) leading to tuberculosis (TB) disease continues to be a major global health challenge. Critical barriers, including but not limited to the development of multi-drug resistance, lack of diagnostic assays that detect patients with latent TB, an effective vaccine that prevents Mtb infection, and infectious and non-infectious comorbidities that complicate active TB, continue to hinder progress toward a TB cure. To complement the ongoing development of new antimicrobial drugs, investigators in the field are exploring the value of host-directed therapies (HDTs). This therapeutic strategy targets the host, rather than Mtb, and is intended to augment host responses to infection such that the host is better equipped to prevent or clear infection and resolve chronic inflammation. Metabolic pathways of immune cells have been identified as promising HDT targets as more metabolites and metabolic pathways have shown to play a role in TB pathogenesis and disease progression. Specifically, this review highlights the potential role of lactate as both an immunomodulatory metabolite and a potentially important signaling molecule during the host response to Mtb infection. While long thought to be an inert end product of primarily glucose metabolism, the cancer research field has discovered the importance of lactate in carcinogenesis and resistance to chemotherapeutic drug treatment. Herein, we discuss similarities between the TB granuloma and tumor microenvironments in the context of lactate metabolism and identify key metabolic and signaling pathways that have been shown to play a role in tumor progression but have yet to be explored within the context of TB. Ultimately, lactate metabolism and signaling could be viable HDT targets for TB; however, critical additional research is needed to better understand the role of lactate at the host-pathogen interface during Mtb infection before adopting this HDT strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.624607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T06:55:25Z","timestamp":1614322525000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Lactate Metabolism and Signaling in Tuberculosis and Cancer: A Comparative Review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Dilara","family":"Kiran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall J.","family":"Basaraba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"e678570","article-title":"Modulation of Cell Death by M. tuberculosis as a Strategy for Pathogen Survival","volume-title":"Clinical and Developmental Immunology","author":"Abebe","year":"2011"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.13005\/bpj\/1889","article-title":"Clinical Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Metformin add-on Therapy to Standard ATT in Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients","volume":"13","author":"Abinaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacol J"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4422","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2092-18.2019","article-title":"The Lactate Receptor HCAR1 Modulates Neuronal NetworkActivity through the Activation of Ga and Gbg Subunits","volume":"39","author":"Abrantes H de","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12143","article-title":"Reversal of Mycobacterium tuberculosis phenotypic drug resistance by 2-aminoimidazole-based small molecules","volume":"70","author":"Ackart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathog. Disease"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2013.08.011","article-title":"Enzymes involved in l-lactate metabolism in humans","volume":"13","author":"Adeva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.02.012","article-title":"An Autocrine Lactate Loop Mediates Insulin-Dependent Inhibition of Lipolysis through GPR81","volume":"11","author":"Ahmed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix476","article-title":"Impact of Vitamin A and Carotenoids on the Risk of Tuberculosis Progression","volume":"65","author":"Aibana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Diseases: Off. Publ. Infect. Dis. Soc. A."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30216-X","article-title":"The cascade of care in diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Alsdurf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Diseases"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.12.018","article-title":"Foxp3 Reprograms T Cell Metabolism to Function in Low-Glucose, High-Lactate Environments","volume":"25","author":"Angelin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007100","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3 is critical for Mycobacterium tuberculosis induction of Mcl-1 and limitation of human macrophage apoptosis","volume":"14","author":"Arnett","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2017-0168","article-title":"Dual role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 \u03b1 in experimental pulmonary tuberculosis: its implication as a new therapeutic target","volume":"13","author":"Baay-Guzman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23994","article-title":"Misconceptions regarding basic thermodynamics and enzyme kinetics have led to erroneous conclusions regarding the metabolic importance of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme expression","volume":"95","author":"Bak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29519","article-title":"HIF-1 at the crossroads of hypoxia, inflammation, and cancer","volume":"138","author":"Balamurugan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaat2702","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat2702","article-title":"Tuberculosis following PD-1 blockade for cancerimmunotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Barber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Trans. Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a017889","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017889","article-title":"Tuberculosis Comorbidity with Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":"5","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5913","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-2686","article-title":"MCT1 Inhibitor AZD3965 Increases Mitochondrial Metabolism, Facilitating Combination Therapy and Noninvasive Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","volume":"77","author":"Beloueche-Babari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.07.008","article-title":"Bioenergetic Insufficiencies Due to Metabolic Alterations Regulated by the Inhibitory Receptor PD-1 Are an Early Driver of CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion","volume":"45","author":"Bengsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6136","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176136","article-title":"Tuberculosis-Cancer Parallels in Immune Response Regulation","volume":"21","author":"Bickett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6484","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05916-7","article-title":"Lactate oxidation facilitates growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages","volume":"7","author":"Billig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.12.032","article-title":"Who Benefits from Granulomas, Mycobacteria or Host","volume":"136","author":"Bold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71721","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071721","article-title":"Lactate Modulates the Activity of Primary Cortical Neurons through a Receptor-Mediated Pathway","volume":"8","author":"Bozzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.08.011","article-title":"LDHA-Associated Lactic Acid Production Blunts Tumor Immunosurveillance by T and NK Cells","volume":"24","author":"Brand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600266","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600266","article-title":"HIF-1\u03b1 Is an Essential Mediator ofIFN-\u03b3\u2013Dependent Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"197","author":"Braverman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555819569.ch3","article-title":"Regulation of Immunity to Tuberculosis","volume-title":"Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus","author":"Brighenti","year":"2017"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00062\/full","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the host cell inflammasome: a complex relationship","volume":"3","author":"Briken","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.3.1129","article-title":"Role of mitochondrial lactate dehydrogenase and lactate oxidation in the intracellular lactate shuttle","volume":"96","author":"Brooks","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-70610-3_15","article-title":"Lactate:Glycolytic End Product and Oxidative Substrate During Sustained Exercise in Mammals \u2014 The \u201cLactate Shuttle.\u201d","volume-title":"Circulation, Respiration, and Metabolism","author":"Brooks","year":"1985"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198606000-00019","article-title":"The lactate shuttle during exercise and recovery","volume":"18","author":"Brooks","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exercise"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5591","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.178350","article-title":"Cell\u2013cell and intracellular lactate shuttles","volume":"587","author":"Brooks","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.008","article-title":"The Science and Translation of Lactate Shuttle Theory","volume":"27","author":"Brooks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.02.006","article-title":"The tortuous path of lactate shuttle discovery:From cinders and boards to the lab and ICU","volume":"9","author":"Brooks","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.107451","article-title":"Lactate\/GPR81 signaling and proton motive forcein cancer: Role in angiogenesis, immune escape, nutrition, and Warburg phenomenon","volume":"206","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-020-1216-5","article-title":"The lactate receptor GPR81 promotes breastcancer growth via a paracrine mechanism involving antigen-presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"39","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ra56","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aaf0583","article-title":"Protein kinase A\u2013dependent phosphorylation stimulates the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1","volume":"9","author":"Bullen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.10.088","article-title":"Role of GPR81 in lactate-mediated reduction of adipose lipolysis","volume":"377","author":"Cai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3534","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00144-15","article-title":"Lack of the Transcription Factor Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1\u03b1 (HIF-1\u03b1) in Macrophages Accelerates the Necrosis of Mycobacterium avium-Induced Granulomas","volume":"83","author":"Cardoso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19402","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1311939110","article-title":"Emergence of spatial structure in the tumor microenvironment due to the Warburg effect","volume":"110","author":"Carmona-Fontaine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09816-4","article-title":"Spatial and temporal localization of immune transcripts defines hallmarks and diversity in the tuberculosis granuloma","volume":"10","author":"Carow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0406-2","article-title":"Lactate modulation of immune responses in inflammatory versus tumour microenvironments","author":"Certo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37281","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6134","article-title":"Targeting metabolic flexibility by simultaneously inhibiting respiratory complex I and lactate generation retards melanoma progression","volume":"6","author":"Chaube","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00263","article-title":"Much More than M1 and M2 Macrophages, There arealso CD169+ and TCR+ Macrophages","volume":"6","author":"Ch\u00e1vez-Gal\u00e1n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"nchembio.2172","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2172","article-title":"Lactate metabolism is associated with mammalian mitochondria","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25998","article-title":"Involvement of the Warburg effect in non-tumor diseases processes","volume":"233","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4218","article-title":"Cancer-generated lactic acid: a regulatory, immunosuppressive metabolite","volume":"230","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy079","article-title":"Elevated cyclic AMP Acts through PKA type I toInhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced IFN-gamma Secretion by T cells","volume":"217","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900655","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00655-2019","article-title":"The global prevalence of latent tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2012.04.008","article-title":"Protection versus pathology in tuberculosis: recent insights","volume":"24","author":"Cooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12823","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1413933111","article-title":"Immune evasion mediated by tumor-derived lactate dehydrogenase induction of NKG2D ligands on myeloid cells in glioblastoma patients","volume":"111","author":"Crane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.70.4.478","article-title":"Microenvironmental influence on macrophageregulation of angiogenesis in wounds and malignant tumors","volume":"70","author":"Crowther","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. LeukocyteBiol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24840","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15266","article-title":"HIF1\/2\u03b1 mediates hypoxia-induced LDHA expression in human pancreatic cancer cells","volume":"8","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39169","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.39169","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces decelerated bioenergetic metabolism in human macrophages. Storz G, Kana BD, Bald D, Jacobs WR, editors","volume":"7","author":"Cumming","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.576596","article-title":"Relevance of the Warburg Effect in Tuberculosis for Host-Directed Therapy","volume":"10","author":"Cumming","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.24092","article-title":"Cancer metabolism, stemness and tumor recurrence","volume":"12","author":"Curry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00227","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00227-17","article-title":"Brucella abortus Induces a Warburg Shift in Host Metabolism That Is Linked to Enhanced Intracellular Survival of the Pathogen","volume":"199","author":"Czy\u017c","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11040450","article-title":"Blockade of Lactate Dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) Improves Efficacy of Anti-Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) Therapy in Melanoma","volume":"11","author":"Daneshmandi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.07.033","article-title":"Control of TH17\/Treg Balance by Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1","volume":"146","author":"Dang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2013.05.008","article-title":"Optimization of Tumor Radiotherapy With Modulators of Cell Metabolism: Toward Clinical Applications","volume":"23","author":"Danhier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2017.02.001","article-title":"Cancer metabolism in space and time: Beyond the Warburg effect","volume":"1858","author":"Danhier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Bioenerget."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1424563112","article-title":"Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment normalizes tuberculosis granuloma vasculature and improves small molecule delivery","volume":"112","author":"Datta","year":"2015","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-015-1415-3","article-title":"Mathematical Model of Oxygen Transport in Tuberculosis Granulomas","volume":"44","author":"Datta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. BioMed. Eng."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.01.007","article-title":"Environment Impacts the Metabolic Dependencies of Ras-Driven Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"23","author":"Davidson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2020.126953","article-title":"Identification of novel GPR81 agonist leadseries for target biology evaluation","volume":"30","author":"Davidsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorg. Medicinal Chem. Lett."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20031981","article-title":"Partial reconstruction of in vitro gluconeogenesis arising from mitochondrial l-lactate uptake\/metabolism and oxaloacetate export via novel L-lactate translocators","volume":"380","author":"De Bari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo_00000815","article-title":"L-lactate metabolism can occur in normal and cancer prostate cells via the novel mitochondrial L-lactate dehydrogenase","volume":"37","author":"De Bari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902584","article-title":"Lactic Acid and Acidification Inhibit TNF Secretion and Glycolysis of Human Monocytes","volume":"184","author":"Dietl","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3500219","article-title":"The low-affinity monocarboxylate transporter MCT4 is adapted to the export of lactate in highly glycolytic cells","volume":"350","author":"Dimmer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI69741","article-title":"Targeting lactate metabolism for cancer therapeutics","volume":"123","author":"Doherty","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002842","article-title":"Advancing the development of new tuberculosis treatment regimens: The essential role of translational and clinical pharmacology and microbiology","volume":"16","author":"Dooley","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS Med."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3181","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00217-12","article-title":"Evaluation of a Mouse Model of Necrotic Granuloma Formation Using C3HeB\/FeJ Mice for Testing of Drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"56","author":"Driver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1021\/ml3000676","article-title":"Identification of Hydroxybenzoic Acids as Selective Lactate Receptor (GPR81) Agonists with Antilipolytic Effects","volume":"3","author":"Dvorak","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003789","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003789","article-title":"Hypoxia Inducible Factor Signaling Modulates Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Infection via a Nitric Oxide Dependent Mechanism","volume":"9","author":"Elks","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000029335","article-title":"Lactate dehydrogenase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"66","author":"Emad","year":"1999","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.06.004","article-title":"Mechanisms of M.\u00a0tuberculosis Immune Evasion as Challenges to TB Vaccine Design","volume":"24","author":"Ernst","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14446","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming of host cells upon bacterial infection: Why shift to a Warburg-like metabolism","volume":"285","author":"Escoll","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.07.020","article-title":"Legionella pneumophila Modulates Mitochondrial Dynamics to Trigger Metabolic Repurposing of Infected Macrophages","volume":"22","author":"Escoll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2018.02.006","article-title":"Priming the tuberculosis drug pipeline: new antimycobacterial targets and agents","volume":"45","author":"Evans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jons.2017.06.002","article-title":"Biology of glucose metabolization in cancer cells","volume":"3","author":"Fadaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Oncol. Sci."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.019","article-title":"Lactate Metabolism in Human Lung Tumors","volume":"171","author":"Faubert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2084195","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2084195","article-title":"Targeting L-Lactate Metabolism to OvercomeResistance to Immune Therapy of Melanoma and Other Tumor Entities","volume":"2019","author":"Feichtinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oncol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-011-0361-2","article-title":"Inflammation inhibits GPR81 expression in adipose tissue","volume":"60","author":"Feingold","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflammation Res."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.119.018762","article-title":"Monocarboxylate Transporters (SLC16): Function, Regulation, and Role in Health and Disease","volume":"72","author":"Felmlee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5829","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2017.188","article-title":"Tumor cell-derived lactate induces TAZ-dependent upregulation of PD-L1 through GPR81 in human lung cancer cells","volume":"36","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3795-6","article-title":"Lactate metabolism: historical context, prior misinterpretations, and current understanding","volume":"118","author":"Ferguson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12468","article-title":"Early dynamics of T helper cell cytokines and T regulatory cells in response to treatment of active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"179","author":"Feruglio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5130","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-1949","article-title":"Reciprocal Metabolic Reprogramming through Lactate Shuttle Coordinately Influences Tumor-Stroma Interplay","volume":"72","author":"Fiaschi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21021","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.36.21021","article-title":"Hypoxic Regulation of Lactate Dehydrogenase A INTERACTION BETWEEN HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1 AND cAMP RESPONSE ELEMENTS","volume":"270","author":"Firth","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3812","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-07-035972","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of tumor cell\u2013derived lactic acid on human T cells","volume":"109","author":"Fischer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73212-y","article-title":"Metformin enhances protection in guinea pigs chronically infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"10","author":"Frenkel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57813","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18175","article-title":"The reverse Warburg effect is likely to be an Achilles\u2019 heel of cancer that can be exploited for cancer therapy","volume":"8","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.01.047","article-title":"HIF-1 regulates cytochrome oxidase subunits to optimize efficiency of respiration in hypoxic cells","volume":"129","author":"Fukuda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26311","article-title":"Association between tuberculosis and COVID-19 severity and mortality: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.03.028","article-title":"Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Persistence in the Hypoxic Niche of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Therapy","volume":"185","author":"Garhyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1405427","article-title":"Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection","volume":"372","author":"Getahun","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201500343","article-title":"Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of Silicon-Containing GPR81 and GPR109A Agonists","volume":"10","author":"Geyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402144","article-title":"Glia: the fulcrum of brain diseases","volume":"14","author":"Giaume","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10030","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010030","article-title":"Granuloma Encapsulation Is a Key Factor for Containing Tuberculosis Infection in Minipigs","volume":"5","author":"Gil","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23356","article-title":"Glucose pathways adaptation supports acquisition of activated microglia phenotype","volume":"92","author":"Gimeno-Bay\u00f3n","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.058701","article-title":"Lactate metabolism: a new paradigm for the third millennium","volume":"558","author":"Gladden","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501612","article-title":"Cutting Edge: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induces Aerobic Glycolysis in Human Alveolar Macrophages That Is Required for Control of Intracellular Bacillary Replication","volume":"196","author":"Gleeson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2011.1055","article-title":"Lactate enhances motility of tumor cells and inhibits monocyte migration and cytokine release","volume":"39","author":"Goetze","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501494","article-title":"Suboptimal Antigen Presentation Contributes to Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis In Vivo","volume":"196","author":"Grace","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6708","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.2862","article-title":"Disruption of BASIGIN decreases lactic acid export and sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer to biguanides independently of the LKB1 status","volume":"6","author":"Granja","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1539-2","article-title":"Regulation of pyruvate metabolism and human disease","volume":"71","author":"Gray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1778","article-title":"Up-regulation of gene expression by hypoxia is mediated predominantly by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)","volume":"206","author":"Greijer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.012","article-title":"Deletion of PPAR\u03b3 in lung macrophages provides an immunoprotective response against M","volume":"111","author":"Guirado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tuberculosis Infect. Mice Tuberculosis"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002202","article-title":"Lactate Regulates Metabolic and Pro-inflammatory Circuits in Control of T Cell Migration and Effector Functions","volume":"13","author":"Haas","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS Biol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.015","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis Limits Host Glycolysis and IL-1\u03b2 by Restriction of PFK-M via MicroRNA-21","volume":"30","author":"Hackett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200004000-00001","article-title":"Expression of the lactate transporter MCT1 in macrophages","volume":"13","author":"Hahn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.573","article-title":"The monocarboxylate transporter family\u2014Structure and functional characterization","volume":"64","author":"Halestrap","year":"2012","journal-title":"IUBMB Life."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199807)23:3<249::AID-GLIA7>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Relationship of microglial and astrocytic activation to disease onset and progression in a transgenic model of familial ALS","volume":"23","author":"Hall","year":"1998","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir786","article-title":"Mouse Model of Necrotic Tuberculosis Granulomas Develops Hypoxic Lesions","volume":"205","author":"Harper","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2006.12.001","article-title":"Differential drug susceptibility of intracellular and extracellular tuberculosis, and the impact of P-glycoprotein","volume":"87","author":"Hartkoorn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12255","article-title":"New tricks for old dogs: countering antibiotic resistance in tuberculosis with host-directed therapeutics","volume":"264","author":"Hawn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2016.04.026","article-title":"New agents for the treatment of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"102","author":"Hoagland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advanced Drug Delivery Rev."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dmm034462","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.034462","article-title":"The metabolic axis of macrophage and immune cell polarization","volume":"11","author":"Hobson-Gutierrez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis. Models Mech."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17550","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017550","article-title":"Location of Intra- and Extracellular M. tuberculosis Populations in Lungs of Mice and Guinea Pigs during Disease Progression and after Drug Treatment. Tailleux L, editor","volume":"6","author":"Hoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1132","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30288-6","article-title":"Potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study","volume":"8","author":"Hogan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.03.014","article-title":"Lactate Reduces Liver and Pancreatic Injury in Toll-Like Receptor\u2013 and Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammation via GPR81-Mediated Suppression of Innate Immunity","volume":"146","author":"Hoque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7490","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.TM117.000239","article-title":"The redox requirements of proliferating mammalian cells","volume":"293","author":"Hosios","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0239OC","article-title":"Hypoxia Sensing and Persistence Genes Are Expressed during the Intragranulomatous Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"56","author":"Hudock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24057","article-title":"Glucose feeds the TCA cycle via circulating lactate","volume":"551","author":"Hui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202702","article-title":"Tumor-Derived Lactate Modifies Antitumor Immune Response: Effect on Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and NK Cells","volume":"191","author":"Husain","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.03.008","article-title":"GPCR-Mediated Signaling of Metabolites","volume":"25","author":"Husted","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00651","article-title":"Local Treatment with Lactate Prevents Intestinal Inflammation in the TNBS-Induced Colitis Model","volume":"7","author":"Iraporda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.019570","article-title":"Presence of multiple lesion types with vastly different microenvironments in C3HeB\/FeJ mice following aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"8","author":"Irwin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis. Model Mech."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059817","article-title":"HIF\u03b1 Targeted for VHL-Mediated Destruction by Proline Hydroxylation: Implications for O2 Sensing","volume":"292","author":"Ivan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2011.01908.x","article-title":"Monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 are involved in the invasion activity of human lung cancer cells","volume":"102","author":"Izumi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059796","article-title":"Targeting of HIF-\u03b1 to the von Hippel-Lindau Ubiquitylation Complex by O2-Regulated Prolyl Hydroxylation","volume":"292","author":"Jaakkola","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E686","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00476.2012","article-title":"Lactate oxidation in human skeletal muscle mitochondria","volume":"304","author":"Jacobs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. - Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26385","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.040741","article-title":"Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor \u03b3 Regulates Expression of the Anti-lipolytic G-protein-coupled Receptor 81 (GPR81\/Gpr81)","volume":"284","author":"Jeninga","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.418","article-title":"Monocarboxylate Transporters: Therapeutic Targets and Prognostic Factors in Disease","volume":"100","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.1.116","article-title":"Programmed Death (PD)-1:PD-Ligand 1\/PD-Ligand 2 Pathway Inhibits T Cell Effector Functions during Human Tuberculosis","volume":"181","author":"Jurado","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5895","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00552-06","article-title":"Proteasomal Inhibition Attenuates Transcriptional Activity of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) via Specific Effect on the HIF-1\u03b1 C-Terminal Activation Domain","volume":"26","author":"Kaluz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040646","article-title":"Dormancy Phenotype Displayed by Extracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis within Artificial Granulomas in Mice","volume":"200","author":"Karakousis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgs196","article-title":"Hypoxia upregulates CD147 through a combined effect of HIF-1\u03b1 and Sp1 to promote glycolysis and tumor progression in epithelial solid tumors","volume":"33","author":"Ke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-014-9536-6","article-title":"Upregulation of CD147 protects hepatocellular carcinoma cell from apoptosis through glycolytic switch via HIF-1 and MCT-4 under hypoxia","volume":"8","author":"Ke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatol Int."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75154","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075154","article-title":"Catabolism of Exogenous Lactate Reveals It as a Legitimate Metabolic Substrate in Breast Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Kennedy","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2011.06.006","article-title":"The role of the microenvironment in tumor growth and invasion","volume":"106","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0537-x","article-title":"Host-directed therapy targeting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis granuloma: a review","volume":"38","author":"Kiran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3896","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.15.3896","article-title":"CD147 is tightly associated with lactate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 and facilitates their cell surface expression","volume":"19","author":"Kirk","year":"2000","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2019.05.005","article-title":"HIF-1\u03b1 as a central mediator of cellular resistance to intracellular pathogens","volume":"60","author":"Knight","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-008-9955-5","article-title":"Lactate Dehydrogenase-5 (LDH-5) Expression in Human Gastric Cancer: Association with Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF-1\u03b1) Pathway, Angiogenic Factors Production and Poor Prognosis","volume":"15","author":"Kolev","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3038","article-title":"Otto Warburg\u2019s contributions to current concepts of cancer metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Koppenol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601205","article-title":"Lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH-5) overexpression in non-small-cell lung cancer tissues is linked to tumour hypoxia, angiogenic factor production and poor prognosis","volume":"89","author":"Koukourakis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-005-2343-7","article-title":"Lactate dehydrogenase 5 (LDH5) relates to up-regulated hypoxia inducible factor pathway and metastasis in colorectal cancer","volume":"22","author":"Koukourakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Metastasis"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2017.79","article-title":"Metabolic cooperation between co-cultured lung cancer cells and lung fibroblasts","volume":"97","author":"Koukourakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dmm.041954","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.041954","article-title":"FX11 limits Mycobacteriumtuberculosis growth and potentiates bactericidal activity of isoniazid through host-directed activity","volume":"13","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis. Model Mech."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.111.074500","article-title":"Study of GPR81, the Lactate Receptor, from Distant Species Identifies Residues and Motifs Critical for GPR81 Functions","volume":"80","author":"Kuei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169-017-0151-8","article-title":"IFN\u03b3-producing CD4+ T lymphocytes: the double-edged swords in tuberculosis","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Trans. Med."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00097","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00097-20","article-title":"The Diversity Outbred Mouse Population Is an Improved Animal Model of Vaccination against Tuberculosis That Reflects Heterogeneity of Protection","volume":"5","author":"Kurtz","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201546259","article-title":"Rewiring cellular metabolism via the AKT\/mTOR pathway contributes to host defence against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human and murine cells","volume":"46","author":"Lachmandas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz064","article-title":"Metformin Alters Human Host Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Healthy Subjects","volume":"220","author":"Lachmandas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.019513","article-title":"Heterogeneous disease progression and treatment response in a C3HeB\/FeJ mouse model of tuberculosis","volume":"8","author":"Lanoix","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis. Model Mech."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12907-017-0067-7","article-title":"Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1) is an independent prognostic biomarker in endometrial cancer","volume":"17","author":"Latif","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht136","article-title":"Lactate Receptor Sites Link Neurotransmission, Neurovascular Coupling, and Brain Energy Metabolism","volume":"24","author":"Lauritzen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13402","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007394107","article-title":"Programmed death-1 (PD-1)\u2013deficient mice are extraordinarily sensitive to tuberculosis","volume":"107","author":"L\u00e1z\u00e1r-Moln\u00e1r","year":"2010","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914433107","article-title":"Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase A induces oxidative stress and inhibits tumor progression","volume":"107","author":"Le","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16663","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1106123108","article-title":"CD147 subunit of lactate\/H+ symporters MCT1 and hypoxia-inducible MCT4 is critical for energetics and growth of glycolytic tumors","volume":"108","author":"Le Floch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(01)00651-5","article-title":"Discovery and mapping of ten novel G protein-coupled receptor genes","volume":"275","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M900396-MCP200","article-title":"The Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin Phagosome Proteome","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18367","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018367","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induces an Atypical Cell Death Mode to Escape from Infected Macrophages","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6788","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.445056","article-title":"Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exploits Host-derived Fatty Acids to Limit Metabolic Stress","volume":"288","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.03.011","article-title":"A lactate-induced response to hypoxia","volume":"161","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70898","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12286","article-title":"G-protein-coupled receptor 81 promotes a malignant phenotype in breast cancer through angiogenic factor secretion","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1550","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001550","article-title":"Mitochondrial Lactate Dehydrogenase Is Involved in Oxidative-Energy Metabolism in Human Astrocytoma Cells (CCF-STTG1)","volume":"3","author":"Lemire","year":"2008","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12252","article-title":"Heterogeneity in tuberculosis pathology, microenvironments and therapeutic responses","volume":"264","author":"Lenaerts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93041","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093041","article-title":"Distinct Pathways of ERK1\/2 Activation by Hydroxy-Carboxylic Acid Receptor-1","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0490-8","article-title":"CD8 T cells and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"37","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13338","article-title":"Metformin is associated with a lower risk of active tuberculosis in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M806409200","article-title":"Lactate Inhibits Lipolysis in Fat Cells through Activation of an Orphan G-protein-coupled Receptor, GPR81","volume":"284","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.112.192799","article-title":"3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid, a Specific Agonist for Hydroxycarboxylic Acid 1, Inhibits Lipolysis in Adipocytes","volume":"341","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.88","article-title":"Innate immunity in tuberculosis: host defense vs pathogen evasion","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2009.02.015","article-title":"HIF-1alpha induces MXI1 by alternate promoter usage in human neuroblastoma cells","volume":"315","author":"L\u00f6fstedt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2014.04.001","article-title":"The Warburg effect in tumor progression: Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as an anti-metastasis mechanism","volume":"356","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18040170","article-title":"Evaluation of MCT1, MCT4 and CD147 Genes in Peripheral Blood Cells of Breast Cancer Patients and Their Potential Use as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers","volume":"18","author":"Luz MC de","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B177","first-page":"e854507","article-title":"Th1 and Th17 Cells in Tuberculosis: Protection, Pathology, and Biomarkers","volume-title":"Mediators of Inflammation","author":"Lyadova","year":"2015"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.19","article-title":"Lactate in the brain: from metabolic end-product to signalling molecule","volume":"19","author":"Magistretti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985813482952","article-title":"Tuberculosis in CBA\/J Mice","volume":"50","author":"Major","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0917-1","article-title":"The fight to end tuberculosis must not be forgotten in the COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"26","author":"Manyazewal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70015-X","article-title":"Tuberculosis comorbidity with communicable and non-communicable diseases: integrating health services and control efforts","volume":"13","author":"Marais","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Diseases"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4073","article-title":"Inflammatory signaling in human tuberculosis granulomas is spatially organized","volume":"22","author":"Marakalala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01028","article-title":"Macrophage Heterogeneity in the Immunopathogenesis of Tuberculosis","volume":"9","author":"Marakalala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-015-1307-x","article-title":"Hypoxia, cancer metabolism and the therapeutic benefit of targeting lactate\/H<Superscript>+<\/Superscript> symporters","volume":"94","author":"Marchiq","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-2260","article-title":"Genetic Disruption of Lactate\/H+ Symporters (MCTs) and Their Subunit CD147\/BASIGIN Sensitizes Glycolytic Tumor Cells to Phenformin","volume":"75","author":"Marchiq","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02494-14","article-title":"Macrophage Polarization Drives Granuloma Outcome during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection","volume":"83","author":"Marino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Immunity"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-13","article-title":"The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: time for reassessment","volume":"6","author":"Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"F1000Prime Rep."},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-014-0741-z","article-title":"A hypothetical astrocyte\u2013microglia lactate shuttle derived from a 1H NMR metabolomics analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from a cohort of South African children with tuberculous meningitis","volume":"11","author":"Mason","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1597-9","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid in tuberculous meningitis exhibits only the L-enantiomer of lactic acid","volume":"16","author":"Mason","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Diseases"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00043\/full","article-title":"Lactate Shuttles in Neuroenergetics\u2014Homeostasis, Allostasis and Beyond","volume":"11","author":"Mason","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.03.003","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis Prevents Inflammasome Activation","volume":"3","author":"Master","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000143034.62913.59","article-title":"Silencing of Monocarboxylate Transporters via Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid Inhibits Glycolysis and Induces Cell Death in Malignant Glioma: An in Vitro Study","volume":"55","author":"Mathupala","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12273","article-title":"Adventures within the speckled band: heterogeneity, angiogenesis, and balanced inflammation in the tuberculous granuloma","volume":"264","author":"Matty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0045-y","article-title":"Metabolic exhaustion in infection, cancer and autoimmunity","volume":"19","author":"McKinney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1862-y","article-title":"Does directly observed therapy improve tuberculosis treatment? More evidence is needed to guide tuberculosis policy","volume":"16","author":"McLaren","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fs11","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aaf4630","article-title":"Hydroxylation-independent HIF-1\u03b1 stabilization through PKA: A new paradigm for hypoxia signaling","volume":"9","author":"McNamee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001718","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01718-2020","article-title":"The potential impact of COVID-19-related disruption on tuberculosis burden","volume":"56","author":"McQuaid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-011-9711-z","article-title":"A Mathematical Model for the Glucose-Lactate Metabolism of in Vitro Cancer Cells","volume":"74","author":"Mendoza-Juez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull. Math Biol."},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1216","article-title":"Lactate dehydrogenase a in cancer: A promising target for diagnosis and therapy","volume":"65","author":"Miao","year":"2013","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22707","article-title":"Monocarboxylate transporter 1 is a key player in glioma-endothelial cell crosstalk","volume":"56","author":"Miranda-Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0777-0","article-title":"Human alveolar macrophages predominately express combined classical M1 and M2 surface markers in steady state","volume":"19","author":"Mitsi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.05.012","article-title":"Antigen Availability Shapes T Cell Differentiation and Function during Tuberculosis","volume":"21","author":"Moguche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19177","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3910","article-title":"Targeting lactate transport suppresses in vivo breast tumour growth","volume":"6","author":"Morais-Santos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23593","article-title":"The lactate receptor, G-protein-coupled receptor 81\/hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1: Expression and action in brain","volume":"93","author":"Morland","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15557","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15557","article-title":"Exercise induces cerebral VEGF and angiogenesis via the lactate receptor HCAR1","volume":"8","author":"Morland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00081","article-title":"Metabolic Symbiosis and Immunomodulation: How Tumor Cell-Derived Lactate May Disturb Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses","volume":"8","author":"Morrot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2015.77","article-title":"Is L-Lactate a Novel Signaling Molecule in the Brain","volume":"35","author":"Mosienko","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cereb Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio744","article-title":"Monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 is a target for immunosuppression","volume":"1","author":"Murray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.21863","article-title":"Metabolic symbiosis in cancer: Refocusing the Warburg lens","volume":"52","author":"Nakajima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-011613-135945","article-title":"Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and Hydroxy Carboxylic Acid (HCA) Receptors","volume":"54","author":"Offermanns","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.11.007","article-title":"Hydroxy-Carboxylic Acid Receptor Actions in Metabolism","volume":"28","author":"Offermanns","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-019-01322-5","article-title":"Metformin in tuberculosis: beyond control of hyperglycemia","volume":"47","author":"Oglesby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1801139","article-title":"Hif-1alpha induced expression of Il-1betaprotects against mycobacterial infection in zebrafish","volume":"202","author":"Ogryzko","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13244","article-title":"M2-like macrophage polarization in high lactic acid-producing head and neck cancer","volume":"108","author":"Ohashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7052","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.12.7052","article-title":"Enhancement of ATP levels and glucose metabolism during an infection by Chlamydia","volume":"273","author":"Ojcius","year":"1998","journal-title":"NMR Stud. living Cells J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2014.09.009","article-title":"The formation of the granuloma in tuberculosis infection","volume":"26","author":"Orme","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3048","article-title":"The balance between protective and pathogenic immune responses in the TB-infected lung","volume":"16","author":"Orme","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2013.07.004","article-title":"A new unifying theory of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis","volume":"94","author":"Orme","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01107-06","article-title":"A Caspase-Independent Pathway Mediates Macrophage Cell Death in Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection","volume":"75","author":"O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immunity"},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxz048\/5519316","article-title":"Metabolic adaptation to glycolysis is a basicdefense mechanism of macrophages for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"31","author":"Osada-Oka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5618","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-0964","article-title":"The Relationship between Tumor Blood Flow, Angiogenesis, Tumor Hypoxia, and Aerobic Glycolysis","volume":"73","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201300084","article-title":"The Warburg effect then and now: From cancer to inflammatory diseases","volume":"35","author":"Palsson-McDermott","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0291-z","article-title":"Targeting immunometabolism as ananti-inflammatory strategy","volume":"21","author":"P\u00e5lsson-McDermott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2008.09.042","article-title":"Mitochondria and l-lactate metabolism","volume":"582","author":"Passarella","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00407","article-title":"The mitochondrial L-lactate dehydrogenase affair","volume":"8","author":"Passarella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf6284","article-title":"Aerobic glycolysis promotes T helper 1 cell differentiation through an epigenetic mechanism","volume":"354","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34025-4_3","article-title":"Lactate and Lactate Transporters as Key Players in the Maintenance of the Warburg Effect","volume-title":"Tumor Microenvironment: The Main Driver of Metabolic Adaptation","author":"Pereira-Nunes","year":"2020"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2015.1120930","article-title":"Lactate promotes glutamine uptake and metabolism in oxidative cancer cells","volume":"15","author":"P\u00e9rez-Escuredo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.01.005","article-title":"Lactic acid delays the inflammatory response of human monocytes","volume":"457","author":"Peter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2015.1043026","article-title":"Prognostic role of lactate dehydrogenase in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 76 studies","volume":"54","author":"Petrelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Oncologica"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00836","article-title":"Desferrioxamine Supports Metabolic Function in Primary Human Macrophages Infected With Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"11","author":"Phelan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.12.048","article-title":"Glucose-dependent growth arrest of leukemia cells by MCT1 inhibition: Feeding Warburg\u2019s sweet tooth and blocking acid export as an anticancer strategy","volume":"98","author":"Pivovarova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.12.015","article-title":"Increased Severity of Tuberculosis in Guinea Pigs with Type 2 Diabetes: A Model of Diabetes-Tuberculosis Comorbidity","volume":"184","author":"Podell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33162","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33162","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits the formation of new blood vessels for its dissemination","volume":"6","author":"Polena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-012-9282-0","article-title":"Lactate stimulates angiogenesis and accelerates the healing of superficial and ischemic wounds in mice","volume":"15","author":"Porporato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20160094","article-title":"The Warburg effect: 80 years on","volume":"44","author":"Potter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.10.001","article-title":"The bacillary and macrophage response to hypoxia in tuberculosis and the consequences for T cell antigen recognition","volume":"19","author":"Prosser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.10.004","article-title":"Lactate Buildup at the Site of ChronicInflammation Promotes Disease by Inducing CD4+ T Cell Metabolic Rewiring","volume":"30","author":"Pucino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0534-0","article-title":"Immunometabolism within the tuberculosis granuloma: amino acids, hypoxia, and cellular respiration","volume":"38","author":"Qualls","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-11-167","article-title":"Metabolic markers in relation to hypoxia; staining patterns and colocalization of pimonidazole, HIF-1\u03b1, CAIX, LDH-5, GLUT-1, MCT1 and MCT4","volume":"11","author":"Rademakers","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700604","article-title":"GPR81, a Cell-Surface Receptor for Lactate, Regulates Intestinal Homeostasis and Protects Mice from Experimental Colitis","volume":"200","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2011.11.014","article-title":"Lactate is a mediator of metabolic cooperation between stromal carcinoma associated fibroblasts and glycolytic tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"318","author":"Rattigan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13131","article-title":"Myeloid HIF-1\u03b1 regulates pulmonary inflammation during experimental Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"159","author":"Resende","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2017.05.003","article-title":"Cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors for tumor-associated metabolites: A direct link to mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer","volume":"1868","author":"Ristic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2019.10.002","article-title":"Metformin promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis killing and increases the production of human \u03b2-defensins in lung epithelial cells and macrophages","volume":"22","author":"Rodriguez-Carlos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5301","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-0319","article-title":"Cell Surface Lactate Receptor GPR81 Is Crucial for Cancer Cell Survival","volume":"74","author":"Roland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511004673","article-title":"Lactate and the GPR81 receptor in metabolic regulation: implications for adipose tissue function and fatty acid utilisation by muscle during exercise","volume":"106","author":"Rooney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5727","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6964","article-title":"High expression of monocarboxylate transporter 4 predicts poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Ruan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0124-9","article-title":"Immunometabolism at the interface between macrophages and pathogens","volume":"19","author":"Russell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.01.029","article-title":"Identification of a novel GPR81-selective agonist that suppresses lipolysis in mice without cutaneous flushing","volume":"727","author":"Sakurai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgw127","article-title":"Reexamining cancer metabolism: lactate production for carcinogenesis could be the purpose and explanation of the Warburg Effect","volume":"38","author":"San-Mill\u00e1n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15433","article-title":"Hif-1alpha stabilisation is protective againstinfection in zebrafish comorbid models","volume":"287","author":"Schild","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520616666161031143301","article-title":"The Warburg Effect and the Hallmarks of Cancer","volume":"17","author":"Schwartz L","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anti Cancer Agents Medicinal Chemistry Anti Cancer Agents)"},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30193","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8623","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stromal cell-secreted lactate induces M2-macrophage differentiation by metabolic reprogramming","volume":"7","author":"Selleri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31580-6","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of genes encoding glycolytic enzymes by hypoxia-inducible factor 1","volume":"269","author":"Semenza","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32529","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.51.32529","article-title":"Hypoxia Response Elements in the Aldolase A, Enolase 1, and Lactate Dehydrogenase A Gene Promoters Contain Essential Binding Sites for Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1","volume":"271","author":"Semenza","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3632","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-2938","article-title":"Deletion of Lactate Dehydrogenase-A in Myeloid Cells Triggers Antitumor Immunity","volume":"77","author":"Seth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-010-0012-3","article-title":"Utility of serum LDH isoforms in the assessment of mycobacterium tuberculosis induced pathology in TB patients of Sahariya tribe","volume":"25","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.128","article-title":"The crucial roles of Th17-related cytokines\/signal pathways in M. tuberculosis infection","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12362","article-title":"Inhibition of G Protein-Coupled Receptor 81 (GPR81) Protects Against Ischemic Brain Injury","volume":"21","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20110278","article-title":"HIF1\u03b1\u2013dependent glycolytic pathway orchestrates a metabolic checkpoint for the differentiation of TH17 and Treg cells","volume":"208","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18176","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18176","article-title":"Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces the Warburg effect in mouse lungs","volume":"5","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00150","article-title":"Immunometabolism in Tuberculosis","volume":"7","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02550","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02550-18","article-title":"Biphasic Dynamics of Macrophage Immunometabolism during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection","volume":"10","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B265","first-page":"18","article-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate in Tubercular Meningitis: Diagnostic or Prognostic Marker","volume":"4","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Phys. India"},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dmm034272","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.034272","article-title":"Immunometabolism in cancer at a glance","volume":"11","author":"Singer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis. Models Mech."},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.09.012","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Driven Targeted Recalibration of Macrophage Lipid Homeostasis Promotes the Foamy Phenotype","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9413-4_24","article-title":"Breaking the Transmission of TB: A Roadmap to Bridge the Gaps in Controlling TB in Endemic Settings","volume-title":"Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Molecular Infection Biology, Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and New Interventions","author":"Singh","year":"2019"},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4186","DOI":"10.1021\/pr2003352","article-title":"Metabolic Profiling of Lung Granuloma in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infected Guinea Pigs: Ex vivo 1H Magic Angle Spinning NMR Studies","volume":"10","author":"Somashekar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4873","DOI":"10.1021\/pr300345x","article-title":"Metabolomic Signatures in Guinea Pigs Infected with Epidemic-Associated W-Beijing Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"11","author":"Somashekar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Proteome Res."},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3930","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI36843","article-title":"Targeting lactate-fueled respiration selectively kills hypoxic tumor cells in mice","volume":"118","author":"Sonveaux","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33418","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033418","article-title":"Targeting the Lactate Transporter MCT1 in Endothelial Cells Inhibits Lactate-Induced HIF-1 Activation and Tumor Angiogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Sonveaux","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.04.015","article-title":"Inflammasome genetics contributes to the development and control of active pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"41","author":"Souza de Lima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"B274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a022459","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a022459","article-title":"Interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Host Cell Death Pathways","volume":"4","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"B275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"djx071","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx071","article-title":"Therapeutic Targeting of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex\/Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (PDC\/PDK) Axis in Cancer","volume":"109","author":"Stacpoole","year":"2017","journal-title":"JNCI: J. Natl. Cancer Institute"},{"key":"B276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19706","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3565","article-title":"Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors are essential for breast cancer cells to control their lipid\/fatty acid metabolism","volume":"6","author":"St\u00e4ubert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32993-3","article-title":"Smartphone-enabled video-observed versus directly observed treatment for tuberculosis: a multicentre, analyst-blinded, randomised, controlled superiority trial","volume":"393","author":"Story","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e953418","DOI":"10.4161\/21624011.2014.953418","article-title":"Breaking the vicious cycle between breast cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages","volume":"3","author":"Su","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00016.2017","article-title":"Lactic Acid: No Longer an Inert and End-Product of Glycolysis","volume":"32","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"B280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2020.1806353","article-title":"Previous and active tuberculosis increases risk of death and prolongs recovery in patients with COVID-19","volume":"52","author":"Sy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Diseases"},{"key":"B281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13516","article-title":"Hereditary lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit deficiency with late-developing pustular psoriasis-like lesions","volume":"43","author":"Takeo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"B282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.603589","article-title":"The Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 Is Required for Glycolytic Reprogramming and Inflammatory Response in Macrophages","volume":"290","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2016.02.005","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and vaccine development","volume":"98","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"B284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-040717-051150","article-title":"The Global Landscape of Tuberculosis Therapeutics","volume":"70","author":"Tornheim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"B285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19864","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019864","article-title":"T Cells from Programmed Death-1 Deficient Mice Respond Poorly to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection","volume":"6","author":"Tousif","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475X.2003.11621.x","article-title":"Lactate and oxygen constitute a fundamental regulatory mechanism in wound healing","volume":"11","author":"Trabold","year":"2003","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regeneration"},{"key":"B287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.2.864-871.2003","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of Pulmonary Granulomas in the Guinea Pig after Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"71","author":"Turner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2020.07.003","article-title":"COVID-19 -Tuberculosis interactions: When dark forces collide","volume":"67","author":"Udwadia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Tuberculosis"},{"key":"B289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9030","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M511397200","article-title":"The Plasma Membrane Lactate Transporter MCT4, but Not MCT1, Is Up-regulated by Hypoxia through a HIF-1\u03b1-dependent Mechanism","volume":"281","author":"Ullah","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.15635.2","article-title":"The dynamic side of the Warburg effect: glycolytic intermediate storage as buffer for fluctuating glucose and O 2\u00a0supply in tumor cells","volume":"7","author":"van Beek","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"B291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.03.001","article-title":"Macrophage Immunometabolism: Where Are We (Going)","volume":"38","author":"Van den Bossche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2019.1589653","article-title":"The Warburg effect: essential part of metabolic reprogramming and central contributor to cancer progression","volume":"95","author":"Vaupel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"B293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-2828","article-title":"Lactate Influx through the Endothelial Cell Monocarboxylate Transporter MCT1 Supports an NF-\u03baB\/IL-8 Pathway that Drives Tumor Angiogenesis","volume":"71","author":"V\u00e9gran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01515-07","article-title":"Tuberculous Granulomas Are Hypoxic in Guinea Pigs, Rabbits, and Nonhuman Primates","volume":"76","author":"Via","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030205","article-title":"Inhibition of Respiration by Nitric Oxide Induces a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Dormancy Program","volume":"198","author":"Voskuil","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62911-1","article-title":"Analyzing the impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on primary human macrophages by combined exploratory and targeted metabolomics","volume":"10","author":"Vrieling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B297","first-page":"555","article-title":"The lactate receptor (HCAR1\/GPR81) contributes to doxorubicin chemoresistance via abcb1 transporter up-regulation in human cervical cancer HeLa cells","volume":"10","author":"Wagner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol"},{"key":"B298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2017.02.007","article-title":"Stimulation of lactate receptor (HCAR1) affects cellular DNA repair capacity","volume":"52","author":"Wagner","year":"2017","journal-title":"DNA Repair"},{"key":"B299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2004.04.004","article-title":"Lactate: mirror and motor of tumor malignancy","volume":"14","author":"Walenta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"B300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2018.03.011","article-title":"NAD(H) in mitochondrial energy transduction: implications for health and disease","volume":"3","author":"Walker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Physiol."},{"key":"B301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92564","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.92564","article-title":"Involvement of the metabolic sensor GPR81 in cardiovascular control","volume":"2","author":"Wallenius","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3813","article-title":"Advancing host-directed therapy for tuberculosis","volume":"15","author":"Wallis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00070-0","article-title":"Tuberculosis\u2014advances in development of new drugs, treatment regimens, host-directed therapies, and biomarkers","volume":"16","author":"Wallis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Diseases"},{"key":"B304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.26193","article-title":"CD147 regulates the expression of MCT1 and lactate export in multiple myeloma cells","volume":"12","author":"Walters","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"B305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.3.1230","article-title":"Purification and Characterization of Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1","volume":"270","author":"Wang","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5510","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.12.5510","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS heterodimer regulated by cellular O2 tension","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"1995","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"B307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.03.015","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages during infections and cancer","volume":"452","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"B308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1126\/science.123.3191.309","article-title":"On the Origin of Cancer Cells","volume":"123","author":"Warburg","year":"1956","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1126\/science.124.3215.267","article-title":"On Respiratory Impairment in Cancer Cells","volume":"124","author":"Weinhouse","year":"1956","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11576","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011576","article-title":"Activation of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Is a General Phenomenon in Infections with Human Pathogens","volume":"5","author":"Werth","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B311","unstructured":"The World Health OrganizationWHO. World Health Organization2019"},{"key":"B312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.10.11.15659","article-title":"Evidence for a stromal-epithelial \u201clactate shuttle\u201d in human tumors","volume":"10","author":"Whitaker-Menezes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"B313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604356","article-title":"PDK-1 regulates lactate production in hypoxia and is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cancer","volume":"98","author":"Wigfield","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2017.10.004","article-title":"Metabolic coupling and the Reverse Warburg Effect in cancer: Implications for novel biomarker and anticancer agent development","volume":"44","author":"Wilde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"B315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-08-1049","article-title":"LDH-A inhibition, a therapeutic strategy for treatment of hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer","volume":"8","author":"Xie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"B316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65601-5","article-title":"Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor by Murine Macrophages: Regulation by Hypoxia, Lactate, and the Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Pathway","volume":"153","author":"Xiong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-016-0909-6","article-title":"Decreased IL-17 during treatment of sputum\u00a0smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis\u00a0due to increased regulatory T cells and IL-10","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Trans. Med."},{"key":"B318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2019.02.004","article-title":"Metformin as a host-directed therapeutic in tuberculosis: Is there a promise","volume":"115","author":"Yew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"B319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45194","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45194","article-title":"Serum lactate dehydrogenase predicts prognosis and correlates with systemic inflammatory response in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer after gemcitabine-based chemotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.12.015","article-title":"The Metabolic Profile of Tumors Depends on Both the Responsible Genetic Lesion and Tissue Type","volume":"15","author":"Yuneva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020340","article-title":"The Immune Escape Mechanisms of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","volume":"20","author":"Zhai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/lapl.201010081","article-title":"Quantifying glucose permeability and enhanced light penetration in ex vivo human normal and cancerous esophagus tissues with optical coherence tomography","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laser Phys. Lett."},{"key":"B323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e532","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.60","article-title":"Targeting cellular metabolism to improve cancer therapeutics","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Disease"},{"key":"B324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39196","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5538","article-title":"Bladder cancer cells re-educate TAMs through lactate shuttling in the microfluidic cancer microenvironment","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2014.11.046","article-title":"Oxamate-mediated inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase induces protective autophagy in gastric cancer cells: Involvement of the Akt\u2013mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"358","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"B326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4001","article-title":"Advances in the development of new tuberculosis drugs and treatment regimens","volume":"12","author":"Zumla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery"},{"key":"B327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ631","article-title":"Host-Directed Therapies for Tackling Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis: Learning From the Pasteur-Bechamp Debates","volume":"61","author":"Zumla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0635-1","article-title":"Potential of immunomodulatory agents as adjunct host-directed therapies for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"14","author":"Zumla","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.624607\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T06:55:39Z","timestamp":1614322539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.624607\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"references-count":328,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2021.624607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.624607","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"article-number":"624607"}}