{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:50:02Z","timestamp":1753890602448,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 testing in specimens collected from the anterior nasal vestibules of COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 30 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from March 14, 2020 to March 21, 2020. Paired specimens were collected from both the anterior nasal vestibule and the oropharynx from all patients. All specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 30 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 17 patients (56.7%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 when oropharyngeal specimens were used, while 20 patients (66.7%) tested positive when nasal swab specimens were used. There was no statistically significant difference in sensitivity between the two methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Respiratory swabs collected from the nasal vestibule offer a less invasive alternative to oropharyngeal swabs for specimen collection in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and have adequate sensitivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.653794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T07:33:03Z","timestamp":1625643183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparing SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Anterior Nasal Vestibular Swabs vs. Oropharyngeal Swabs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Meiyan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruoyan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taiwen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinzhong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tangkai","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaoqin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yixiao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasheng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongzhou","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingtao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc5801","article-title":"Non-Neuronal Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Genes in the Olfactory System Suggests Mechanisms Underlying COVID-19-Associated Anosmia","volume":"6","author":"Brann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.04.13.21255345","article-title":"Self-Collected Oral, Nasal and Saliva Samples Yield Sensitivity Comparable to Professional-Collected Oro-Nasopharyngeal Swabs in SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis","author":"Gertler","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1753-0","article-title":"A Comparison of Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swabbing for the Detection of Influenza Virus by Real-Time PCR","volume":"32","author":"Hernes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical Features of Patients Infected With 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e615","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0691","article-title":"Comparing Nose-Throat Swabs and Nasopharyngeal Aspirates Collected From Children With Symptoms for Respiratory Virus Identification Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction","volume":"122","author":"Lambert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0865-7","article-title":"Detection of Multiple Respiratory Pathogens During Primary Respiratory Infection: Nasal Swab Versus Nasopharyngeal Aspirate Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction","volume":"29","author":"Meerhoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00721-20","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00721-20","article-title":"Nasal Swab Sampling for SARS-CoV-2: A Convenient Alternative in Time of Nasopharyngeal Swab Shortage","volume":"58","author":"P\u00e9r\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors are Highly Expressed in Nasal Epithelial Cells Together With Innate Immune Genes","volume":"26","author":"Sungnak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3786","article-title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"volume-title":"Laboratory Testing for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Suspected Human Cases, Interim guidance. WHO\/COVID-19\/laboratory\/2020.5.","year":"2020","key":"B10"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients","volume":"382","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.653794\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T07:33:06Z","timestamp":1625643186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.653794\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2021.653794"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.653794","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2235-2988"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]]},"article-number":"653794"}}