{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:43:51Z","timestamp":1790646231238,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004412","name":"Human Frontier Science Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Regulating the number of progeny generated by replicative cell cycles is critical for any organism to best adapt to its environment. Classically, the decision whether to divide further is made after cell division is completed by cytokinesis and can be triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Contrarily, cell cycles of some species, such as the malaria-causing parasites, go through multinucleated cell stages. Hence, their number of progeny is determined prior to the completion of cell division. This should fundamentally affect how the process is regulated and raises questions about advantages and challenges of multinucleation in eukaryotes. Throughout their life cycle <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> spp. parasites undergo four phases of extensive proliferation, which differ over three orders of magnitude in the amount of daughter cells that are produced by a single progenitor. Even during the asexual blood stage proliferation parasites can produce very variable numbers of progeny within one replicative cycle. Here, we review the few factors that have been shown to affect those numbers. We further provide a comparative quantification of merozoite numbers in several <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> parasite strains, and we discuss the general processes that may regulate progeny number in the context of host-parasite interactions. Finally, we provide a perspective of the critical knowledge gaps hindering our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this exciting and atypical mode of parasite multiplication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.658616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T06:07:18Z","timestamp":1620367638000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["How Many Is Enough? - Challenges of Multinucleated Cell Division in Malaria Parasites"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Caroline S.","family":"Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa S.","family":"St\u00fcrmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Guizetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.01.002","article-title":"Parasite and Host Erythrocyte Kinomics of Plasmodium Infection","author":"Adderley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.07.012","article-title":"The Progression of the Intra-Erythrocytic Cell Cycle of Plasmodium Falciparum and the Role of the Centriolar Plaques in Asynchronous Mitotic Division During Schizogony","volume":"41","author":"Arnot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3278","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1209823109","article-title":"Plasmodium Falciparum Responds to Amino Acid Starvation by Entering Into a Hibernatory State","volume":"109","author":"Babbitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.56474","article-title":"A Divergent Cyclin\/Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Complex Controls the Atypical Replication of a Malaria Parasite During Gametogony and Transmission","volume":"9","author":"Balestra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.43.1.519","article-title":"Malaria Parasite Development in Mosquitoes","volume":"43","author":"Beier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2857-0","article-title":"Plasticity and Genetic Variation in Traits Underpinning Asexual Replication of the Rodent Malaria Parasite, Plasmodium Chabaudi","volume":"1","author":"Birget","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003293","article-title":"Mitotic Evolution of Plasmodium Falciparum Shows a Stable Core Genome But Recombination in Antigen Families","volume":"9","author":"Bopp","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS Genet."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.12.001","article-title":"Importin \u03b1 Partitioning to the Plasma Membrane Regulates Intracellular Scaling","volume":"176","author":"Brownlee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1086\/688763","article-title":"The Case of the Missing Ancient Fungal Polyploids","volume":"188","author":"Campbell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00294-019-00999-3","article-title":"Unravelling Nuclear Size Control","volume":"65","author":"Cantwell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Genet."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2016.05.006","article-title":"The Ins and Outs of Phosphosignalling in Plasmodium: Parasite Regulation and Host Cell Manipulation","volume":"208","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.04.003","article-title":"Apicomplexan Cell Cycle Flexibility: Centrosome Controls the Clutch","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004812","article-title":"Generation of Antigenic Diversity in Plasmodium Falciparum by Structured Rearrangement of Var Genes During Mitosis","volume":"10","author":"Claessens","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Genet."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1711","article-title":"The Advantages and Disadvantages of Being Polyploid","volume":"6","author":"Comai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00287","article-title":"Plant Architecture Without Multicellularity: Quandaries Over Patterning and the Soma-Germline Divide in Siphonous Algae","volume":"6","author":"Coneva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.84.2189.533","article-title":"The Use of the Terms Coenocyte and Syncytium in Biology","volume":"84","author":"Daubenmire","year":"1936","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.158","article-title":"Progress in Imaging Methods: Insights Gained Into Plasmodium Biology","volume":"15","author":"De Niz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2478\/kinome-2013-0001","article-title":"An Atypical Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Controls Plasmodium Falciparum Proliferation Rate","volume":"1","author":"Dorin-Semblat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kinome"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00245-07","article-title":"Disruption of the PfPK7 Gene Impairs Schizogony and Sporogony in the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum","volume":"7","author":"Dorin-Semblat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coisb.2017.08.010","article-title":"Controlling Cell Size Through Sizer Mechanisms","volume":"5","author":"Facchetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.26524","article-title":"Multiple Short Windows of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 4 Activity Coordinate Distinct Cell Cycle Events During Plasmodium Gametogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2015.07.013","article-title":"Gall-Forming Root-Knot Nematodes Hijack Key Plant Cellular Functions to Induce Multinucleate and Hypertrophied Feeding Cells","volume":"84","author":"Favery","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3184","article-title":"Cell Division in Apicomplexan Parasites","volume":"12","author":"Francia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17017","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.17","article-title":"Plasmodium Falciparum CRK4 Directs Continuous Rounds of DNA Replication During Schizogony","volume":"2","author":"Ganter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11693-015-9167-9","article-title":"Visualization and Quantification of Plasmodium Falciparum Intraerythrocytic Merozoites","volume":"9","author":"Garg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst. Synth. Biol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1169","article-title":"Development and Host Cell Modifications of Plasmodium Falciparum Blood Stages in Four Dimensions","volume":"2","author":"Gruring","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00269","article-title":"Fussing About Fission: Defining Variety Among Mainstream and Exotic Apicomplexan Cell Division Modes","volume":"5","author":"Gubbels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.10.071","article-title":"Sub-Minute Phosphoregulation of Cell Cycle Systems During Plasmodium Gamete Formation","volume":"21","author":"Invergo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1294-100","article-title":"Caulerpa","volume":"271","author":"Jacobs","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sci. Am."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(86)90029-0","article-title":"DNA Synthesis in Plasmodium Berghei During Asexual and Sexual Development","volume":"20","author":"Janse","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2019.09.005","article-title":"Double or Nothing? Cell Division and Cell Size Control","volume":"24","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20216-x","article-title":"TgAP2IX-5 is a Key Transcriptional Regulator of the Asexual Cell Cycle Division in Toxoplasma Gondii","volume":"12","author":"Khelifa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.04.15.440016","article-title":"Asynchronous Nuclear Cycles in Multinucleated Plasmodium Falciparum Enable Rapid Proliferation","volume":"2021","author":"Klaus","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2539","article-title":"Sir2a Regulates rDNA Transcription and Multiplication Rate in the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum","volume":"4","author":"Mancio-Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23009","article-title":"Nutrient Sensing Modulates Malaria Parasite Virulence","volume":"547","author":"Mancio-Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2012.07.003","article-title":"Coordinating Genome Expression With Cell Size","volume":"28","author":"Marguerat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1983.tb00337.x","article-title":"The Origin of Osteoclasts\u00a0: Evidence, Clinial Implications and Investigative Challenges of an Extra-Skeletal Source","volume":"12","author":"Marks","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Oral. Pathol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2800-1","article-title":"Checks and Balances? DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle in Plasmodium","volume":"11","author":"Matthews","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03220-w","article-title":"The Response of Plasmodium Falciparum to Isoleucine Withdrawal is Dependent on the Stage of Progression Through the Intraerythrocytic Cell Cycle","volume":"19","author":"McLean","year":"2020","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102255","article-title":"Syncytia in Fungi","volume":"9","author":"Mela","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.06.012","article-title":"The Effect of Plasmodium Falciparum Sir2a Histone Deacetylase on Clonal and Longitudinal Variation in Expression of the Var Family of Virulence Genes","volume":"40","author":"Merrick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/35001608","article-title":"Syncytin is a Captive Retroviral Envelope Protein Involved in Human Placental Morphogenesis","volume":"403","author":"Mi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.58.2.592","article-title":"Normal Mammalian Muscle Differentiation and Gene Control of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Synthesis","volume":"58","author":"Mintz","year":"1967","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.08.050","article-title":"Unconventional Cell Division Cycles From Marine-Derived Yeasts","volume":"29","author":"Mitchison-Field","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01424-z","article-title":"Human Aurora Kinase Inhibitor Hesperadin Reveals Epistatic Interaction Between Plasmodium Falciparum PfArk1 and PfNek1 Kinases","volume":"3","author":"Morahan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.04.074","article-title":"Decoupling of Nuclear Division Cycles and Cell Size During the Coenocytic Growth of the Ichthyosporean Sphaeroforma Arctica","volume":"28","author":"Ondracka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.8b00062","article-title":"Characterization of Plasmodium Falciparum Atypical Kinase PfPK7 - Dependent Phosphoproteome","volume":"17","author":"Pease","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001292","article-title":"Expression of P. Falciparum Var Genes Involves Exchange of the Histone Variant H2A.Z At the Promoter","volume":"7","author":"Petter","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-010-0173-1","article-title":"Syncytia in Plants: Cell Fusion in Endosperm-Placental Syncytium Formation in Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae)","volume":"248","author":"P\u0142achno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.08.24.264689","article-title":"An Essential Amino Acid Synchronises Malaria Parasite Development With Daily Host Rhythms","author":"Prior","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1529","article-title":"The Silent Path to Thousands of Merozoites: The Plasmodium Liver Stage","volume":"4","author":"Prud\u00eancio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-577","article-title":"Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping Reveals Candidate Pathways Regulating Cell Cycle Duration in Plasmodium Falciparum","volume":"11","author":"Reilly Ayala","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.05.003","article-title":"Quantitative Dissection of Clone-Specific Growth Rates in Cultured Malaria Parasites","volume":"37","author":"Reilly","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07442.x","article-title":"An Essential Aurora-related Kinase Transiently Associates With Spindle Pole Bodies During Plasmodium Falciparum Erythrocytic Schizogony","volume":"79","author":"Reininger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba2658","article-title":"The Malaria Parasite has an Intrinsic Clock","volume":"368","author":"Rijo-Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12875","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1220842110","article-title":"Nuclear Dynamics in a Fungal Chimera","volume":"110","author":"Roper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(77)90043-0","article-title":"Etude Ultrastructurale Des Mitoses Multiples Au Cours De La Sporogonie Du Plasmodium B. Berghei","volume":"59","author":"Schr\u00e9vel","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Ultrasructure Res."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00060-10","article-title":"Genomic Plasticity of the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida Albicans","volume":"9","author":"Selmecki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14187","article-title":"Polyploidy can Drive Rapid Adaptation in Yeast","volume":"519","author":"Selmecki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15650","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015650","article-title":"Macroautophagy-Mediated Degradation of Whole Nuclei in the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus Oryzae","volume":"5","author":"Shoji","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(51)80019-1","article-title":"The Pre-Erythrocytic Stage of Plasmodium Falciparum","volume":"44","author":"Shortt","year":"1951","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.12.435157","article-title":"An Extended DNA-free Intranuclear Compartment Organizes Centrosomal Microtubules in Plasmodium Falciparum","volume":"2021","author":"Simon","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1978.0051","article-title":"Gametocyte and Gamete Development in Plasmodium Falciparum","volume":"201","author":"Sinden","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London - Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2010.05.016","article-title":"The Flagellum in Malarial Parasites","volume":"13","author":"Sinden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba4357","article-title":"An Intrinsic Oscillator Drives the Blood Stage Cycle of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum","volume":"368","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2018100984","article-title":"Microtubule Number and Length Determine Cellular Shape and Function in Plasmodium","volume":"38","author":"Spreng","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3000255","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000255","article-title":"Extensive Loss of Cell-Cycle and DNA Repair Genes in an Ancient Lineage of Bipolar Budding Yeasts","volume":"17","author":"Steenwyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS Biol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01349-7","article-title":"Intrinsic Multiplication Rate Variation and Plasticity of Human Blood Stage Malaria Parasites","volume":"3","author":"Stewart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1129720","article-title":"Manipulation of Host Hepatocytes by the Malaria Parasite for Delivery Into Liver Sinusoids","volume":"313","author":"Sturm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002093","article-title":"A Novel Bipartite Centrosome Coordinates the Apicomplexan Cell Cycle","volume":"13","author":"Suvorova","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS Biol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.09.002","article-title":"Redefining the Role of De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis in Plasmodium Parasites","volume":"25","author":"Tarun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16581","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34964-w","article-title":"Inducing Controlled Cell Cycle Arrest and Re-Entry During Asexual Proliferation of Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Parasites","volume":"8","author":"van Biljon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.12.009","article-title":"Population Dynamics of Plasmodium Sporogony","volume":"23","author":"Vaughan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1265","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12650","article-title":"Differential Time-Dependent Volumetric and Surface Area Changes and Delayed Induction of New Permeation Pathways in P. Falciparum-Infected Hemoglobinopathic Erythrocytes","volume":"19","author":"Waldecker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.07.006","article-title":"Apicomplexa Cell Cycles: Something Old, Borrowed, Lost, and New","volume":"34","author":"White","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0119285","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119285","article-title":"Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Acquisition At the Mid-Blastula Transition","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.658616\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T06:07:21Z","timestamp":1620367641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.658616\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2021.658616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.658616","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"article-number":"658616"}}