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Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>MicroRNAs are molecules belonging to an evolutionarily conserved family of small non-coding RNAs, which act on post-transcriptional gene regulation, causing messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation or inhibiting mRNA translation into proteins. These molecules represent potential biomarkers for diagnosis, non-invasive prognosis, and monitoring the development of the disease. Moreover, they may provide additional information on the pathophysiology of parasitic infections and guide strategies for treatment. The Apicomplexan parasite<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>modifies the levels of microRNAs and mRNAs in infected host cells by modulating the innate and adaptive immune responses, facilitating its survival within the host. Some studies have shown that microRNAs are promising molecular markers for developing diagnostic tools for human toxoplasmosis. MicroRNAs can be detected in human specimens collected using non-invasive procedures. changes in the circulating host microRNAs have been associated with<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>infection in mice and ocular toxoplasmosis in humans. Besides, microRNAs can be amplified from samples using sensitive and molecular-specific approaches such as real-time PCR. This review presents recent findings of the role that microRNAs play during<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>infection and discuss their potential use of these small nuclei acid molecules to different approaches such as laboratory diagnosis, modulation of cell and tissue infected as other potential applications in human toxoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.670548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T07:29:05Z","timestamp":1620977345000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Role of microRNAs in the Infection by T. gondii in Humans"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Geraldo Magela","family":"de Faria Junior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Henrique Antunes","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hernan Alejandro","family":"Lorenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Bello Pede","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia Carolina Paraboli","family":"Assoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane Maria","family":"Ayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinara C\u00e1ssia","family":"Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Carlos","family":"de Mattos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2007.03.012","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii Triggers Secretion of Interleukin-12 But Low Level of Interleukin-10 From the THP-1 Human Monocytic Cell Line","volume":"37","author":"Aldebert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/s0966-842x(03)00205-1","article-title":"Migration of Toxoplasma gondii Across Biological Barriers","volume":"11","author":"Barragan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005670","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005670","article-title":"Point-of-Care Testing for Toxoplasma gondii IgG\/IgM Using Toxoplasma ICT IgG-IgM Test With Sera From the United States and Implications for Developing Countries","volume":"11","author":"Begeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS Negl. 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