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Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polymicrobial interactions with oral mucosal surfaces determine the health status of the host. While a homeostatic balance provides protection from oral disease, a dysbiotic polymicrobial community\u00a0promotes tissue destruction and chronic oral\u00a0diseases. How polymicrobial communities transition from a homeostatic to a dysbiotic state is an understudied process. Thus, we were interested to investigate this ecological transition by focusing on biofilm\u00a0communities\u00a0containing\u00a0high abundance commensal species and\u00a0low abundance pathobionts\u00a0to characterize\u00a0the\u00a0host-microbiome interactions\u00a0occurring\u00a0during oral health. To this end, a\u00a0multispecies biofilm model was examined\u00a0using\u00a0the commensal species\u00a0<jats:italic>Corynebacterium durum<\/jats:italic>\u00a0and\u00a0<jats:italic>Streptococcus sanguinis<\/jats:italic> and the\u00a0pathobiont\u00a0<jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>. We compared how both\u00a0single and multispecies biofilms interact with different oral mucosal and gingival cell types, including the well-studied oral keratinocyte\u00a0cell lines OKF4\/TERT-1and hTERT TIGKs as well as\u00a0human\u00a0primary\u00a0periodontal ligament cells. While single species biofilms of\u00a0<jats:italic>C. durum<\/jats:italic>,\u00a0<jats:italic>S. sanguinis<\/jats:italic>, and\u00a0<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\u00a0are all\u00a0characterized by unique\u00a0cytokine responses for each species, multispecies biofilms elicited\u00a0a response\u00a0resembling\u00a0<jats:italic>S. sanguinis<\/jats:italic>\u00a0single species biofilms. One notable exception is the influence of\u00a0<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> upon\u00a0TNF-\u03b1\u00a0and Gro-\u03b1\u00a0production\u00a0in hTERT TIGKs cells, which was not affected by the presence of other species. This study is also the first to examine the host response to\u00a0<jats:italic>C. durum<\/jats:italic>. Interestingly, <jats:italic>C. durum<\/jats:italic> yielded\u00a0no notable inflammatory responses from any of the tested host\u00a0cells, suggesting it functions\u00a0as a true commensal species. Conversely,\u00a0<jats:italic>S. sanguinis<\/jats:italic>\u00a0was able to induce expression and secretion of the\u00a0proinflammatory cytokines\u00a0IL-6 and IL-8, demonstrating a much greater\u00a0inflammatory potential, despite being health associated. Our study also demonstrates\u00a0the variability of host cell\u00a0responses between different cell lines, highlighting the importance of developing relevant <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\u00a0models to study oral microbiome-host interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.686479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T18:45:08Z","timestamp":1625165108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Differential Response of Oral Mucosal and Gingival Cells to Corynebacterium durum, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis Multispecies Biofilms"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Redanz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvio","family":"Redanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puthalayai","family":"Treerat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivaraman","family":"Prakasam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Jung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Merritt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kreth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0042-2018","article-title":"Biology of Oral Streptococci","volume":"6","author":"Abranches","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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