{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T12:21:36Z","timestamp":1784118096821,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is an endemic disease in Latin America, mainly caused in Brazil by<jats:italic>Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis<\/jats:italic>. Clinical manifestations vary from mild, localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) to aggressive mucosal disease. The host immune response strongly determines the outcome of infection and pattern of disease. However, the pathogenesis of ATL is not well understood, and host microRNAs (miRNAs) may have a role in this context. In the present study, miRNAs were quantified using qPCR arrays in human monocytic THP-1 cells infected<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>with<jats:italic>L. (V.) braziliensis<\/jats:italic>promastigotes and in plasma from patients with ATL, focusing on inflammatory response-specific miRNAs. Patients with active or self-healed cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, with confirmed parasitological or immunological diagnosis, were compared with healthy controls. Computational target prediction of significantly-altered miRNAs from<jats:italic>in vitro L. (V.) braziliensis<\/jats:italic>-infected THP-1 cells revealed predicted targets involved in diverse pathways, including chemokine signaling, inflammatory, cellular proliferation, and tissue repair processes. In plasma, we observed distinct miRNA expression in patients with self-healed and active lesions compared with healthy controls. Some miRNAs dysregulated during THP-1<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>infection were also found in plasma from self-healed patients, including miR-548d-3p, which was upregulated in infected THP-1 cells and in plasma from self-healed patients. As miR-548d-3p was predicted to target the chemokine pathway and inflammation is a central to the pathogenesis of ATL, we evaluated the effect of transient transfection of a miR-548d-3p inhibitor on<jats:italic>L. (V.) braziliensis<\/jats:italic>infected-THP-1 cells. Inhibition of miR-548d-3p reduced parasite growth early after infection and increased production of MCP1\/CCL2, RANTES\/CCL5, and IP10\/CXCL10. In plasma of self-healed patients, MCP1\/CCL2, RANTES\/CCL5, and IL-8\/CXCL8 concentrations were significantly decreased and MIG\/CXCL9 and IP-10\/CXCL10 increased compared to\u00a0patients with active disease. These data suggest that by modulating miRNAs,<jats:italic>L.\u00a0(V.)\u00a0braziliensis<\/jats:italic>may interfere with chemokine production and hence the inflammatory processes underpinning lesion resolution. Our data suggest miR-548d-3p could be further evaluated as a prognostic marker for ATL and\/or as a host-directed therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.687647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T15:26:18Z","timestamp":1623338778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["miR-548d-3p Alters Parasite Growth and Inflammation in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marina de Assis","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Milton","family":"Ramos-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra M\u00e1rcia","family":"Muxel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitris","family":"Lagos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiza Campos","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9ria R\u00eago Alves","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Edileuza Felinto","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Andrade","family":"Zampieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Martin","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucile Maria","family":"Floeter-Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiro","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010113","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Biological Regulators in Pathogen-Host Interactions","volume":"9","author":"Acuna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e05005","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.05005","article-title":"Predicting Effective microRNA Target Sites in Mammalian mRNAs","volume":"4","author":"Agarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaax4204","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aax4204","article-title":"Variable Gene Expression and Parasite Load Predict Treatment Outcome in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis","volume":"11","author":"Amorim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-015-1564-0","article-title":"Immunohistochemical Evidence of Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Mouse Models of Cutaneous Leishmaniosis","volume":"307","author":"Araujo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W110","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw345","article-title":"miEAA: microRNA Enrichment Analysis and Annotation","volume":"44","author":"Backes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.f.209","article-title":"MicroRNAs: New Regulators of Immune Cell Development and Function","volume":"9","author":"Baltimore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(04)00045-5","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Genomics, Biogenesis, Mechanism, and Function","volume":"116","author":"Bartel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.002","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Target Recognition and Regulatory Functions","volume":"136","author":"Bartel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44021-9","article-title":"Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Generated From Monocytes Under Conditions of Lytic Cell Death","volume":"9","author":"Baxter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5282","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810909106","article-title":"Induction and Regulatory Function of miR-9 in Human Monocytes and Neutrophils Exposed to Proinflammatory Signals","volume":"106","author":"Bazzoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.\u00a0S.\u00a0A."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1086\/596508","article-title":"In Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania Guyanensis Infection, Distinct Intralesional Interleukin-10 and Foxp3 mRNA Expression Are Associated With Unresponsiveness to Treatment","volume":"199","author":"Bourreau","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206876","article-title":"Relationship of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells miRNA Expression and Parasitic Load in Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"13","author":"Bragato","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02361.x","article-title":"Species Diversity of Leishmania (Viannia) Parasites Circulating in an Endemic Area for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Located in the Atlantic Rainforest Region of Northeastern Brazil","volume":"14","author":"Brito","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31204-2","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"392","author":"Burza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03081","article-title":"Role of Host and Pathogen-Derived MicroRNAs in Immune Regulation During Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"10","author":"Chandan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5058","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102097","article-title":"miR-548d-3p Inhibits Osteosarcoma by Downregulating KRAS","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging (Albany N. Y.)"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5178","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902307RRR","article-title":"Exosomal miR-103-3p From LPS-Activated THP-1 Macrophage Contributes to the Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2013.08.008","article-title":"Gene Expression Profile of Cytokines and Chemokines in Skin Lesions From Brazilian Indians With Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis","volume":"57","author":"Costa-Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3687","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511155103","article-title":"The Colorectal microRNAome","volume":"103","author":"Cummins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2013.02.004","article-title":"Cytokines and NO in American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis Patients: Profiles in Active Disease, After Therapy and in Self-Healed Individuals","volume":"57","author":"de Assis Souza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0625.2002.110104.x","article-title":"Intermediate or Chronic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Leukocyte Immunophenotypes and Cytokine Characterisation of the Lesion","volume":"11","author":"Diaz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01125.x","article-title":"Recruitment of CD8(+) T Cells Expressing Granzyme A Is Associated With Lesion Progression in Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis","volume":"31","author":"Faria","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00060","article-title":"Melatonin and Leishmania Amazonensis Infection Altered miR-294, miR-30e, and Mir-302d Impacting on Tnf, Mcp-1, and Nos2 Expression","volume":"9","author":"Fernandes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1590\/s0365-05962012000500006","article-title":"Immunohistochemical Profile of HIF-1alpha, Vegf-a, VEGFR2 and MMP9 Proteins in Tegumentary Leishmaniasis","volume":"87","author":"Fraga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12156","article-title":"Characterization of microRNA Expression Profiles in Leishmania-Infected Human Phagocytes","volume":"37","author":"Geraci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03436.x","article-title":"Can Interferon-Gamma and Interleukin-10 Balance Be Associated With Severity of Human Leishmania (Viannia) Braziliensis Infection","volume":"149","author":"Gomes-Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2012.03.001","article-title":"Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis","volume":"26","author":"Goto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-238","article-title":"Simultaneous Gene Expression Profiling in Human Macrophages Infected With Leishmania Major Parasites Using SAGE","volume":"9","author":"Guerfali","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5826","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1118118109","article-title":"miRNA-939 Regulates Human Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Posttranscriptional Gene Expression in Human Hepatocytes","volume":"109","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2018.05.020","article-title":"MiRNAs: Dynamic Regulators of Immune Cell Functions in Inflammation and Cancer","volume":"431","author":"Hirschberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2018-0081","article-title":"ATAD2 Silencing Decreases VEGFA Secretion Through Targeting has-miR-520a to Inhibit Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"96","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2020.07.010","article-title":"Linc00174-EZH2-ZNF24\/Runx1-VEGFA Regulatory Mechanism Modulates Post-Burn Wound Healing","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2017.04.005","article-title":"Control of B Lymphocyte Development and Functions by the mTOR Signaling Pathways","volume":"35","author":"Iwata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2005.04.012","article-title":"Increased DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Patients With Cutaneous Leishmaniasis","volume":"585","author":"Kocyigit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70323","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11855","article-title":"ATAD2 Is an Epigenetic Reader of Newly Synthesized Histone Marks During DNA Replication","volume":"7","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01716","article-title":"Differential Regulation of Mirna Profiles of Human Cells Experimentally Infected by Leishmania Donovani Isolated From Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis and Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02621","article-title":"The miRNA 361-3p, a Regulator of GZMB and TNF Is Associated With Therapeutic Failure and Longer Time Healing of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by L. (Viannia) Braziliensis","volume":"9","author":"Lago","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.04.040","article-title":"A Mammalian microRNA Expression Atlas Based on Small RNA Library Sequencing","volume":"129","author":"Landgraf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00421-19","article-title":"Mutual Balance of Histone Deacetylases 1 and 2 and the Acetyl Reader ATAD2 Regulates the Level of Acetylation of Histone H4 on Nascent Chromatin of Human Cells","volume":"40","author":"Lazarchuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.10.7890","article-title":"Il-1beta Induction of RANTES (Regulated Upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) Chemokine Gene Expression in Endometriotic Stromal Cells Depends on a Nuclear Factor-Kappab Site in the Proximal Promoter","volume":"86","author":"Lebovic","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002478","article-title":"MicroRNA Expression Profile in Human Macrophages in Response to Leishmania Major Infection","volume":"7","author":"Lemaire","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/679563","article-title":"Genome-Wide Analysis of mir-548 Gene Family Reveals Evolutionary and Functional Implications","volume":"2012","author":"Liang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. BioMed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3221","article-title":"Inflammasome-Derived IL-1beta Production Induces Nitric Oxide-Mediated Resistance to Leishmania","volume":"19","author":"Lima-Junior","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00228","article-title":"Akt and mTOR in B Cell Activation and Differentiation","volume":"3","author":"Limon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.05.002","article-title":"Reappraisal of the Immunopathogenesis of Disseminated Leishmaniasis: In Situ and Systemic Immune Response","volume":"105","author":"Machado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbv056","article-title":"Normalization of Circulating MicroRNA Expression Data Obtained by Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR","volume":"17","author":"Marabita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S58064","article-title":"Emerging Roles for HMGB1 Protein in Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer","volume":"4","author":"Martinotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunotarg. Ther."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.6.2930","article-title":"Intracellular Infection by Leishmania Donovani Inhibits Macrophage Apoptosis","volume":"152","author":"Moore","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjv060","article-title":"Atad2 is a Generalist Facilitator of Chromatin Dynamics in Embryonic Stem Cells","volume":"8","author":"Morozumi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02792","article-title":"Toll-Like Receptor and Mirna-Let-7e Expression Alter the Inflammatory Response in Leishmania amazonensis-Infected Macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Muxel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44141","article-title":"Leishmania (Leishmania) Amazonensis Induces Macrophage miR-294 and miR-721 Expression and Modulates Infection by Targeting NOS2 and L-arginine Metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Muxel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00640","article-title":"Integrated Analysis Reveals That miR-193b, miR-671, and TREM-1 Correlate With a Good Response to Treatment of Human Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania Braziliensis","volume":"9","author":"Nunes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-075013","article-title":"microRNA Regulation of Inflammatory Responses","volume":"30","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.5.2204","article-title":"IFN-Gamma Selectively Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Inducible JE\/monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and KC\/GRO\/Melanoma Growth-Stimulating Activity Gene Expression in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages","volume":"153","author":"Ohmori","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-020-02498-6","article-title":"Human microRNAs in Host-Parasite Interaction: A Review","volume":"10","author":"Paul","year":"2020","journal-title":"3 Biotech."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.370","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-Regulated microRNAs and Mirtrons in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"23","author":"Rainer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6614475","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6614475","article-title":"Pleiotropic Effect of Hormone Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Immune Response and Pathogenesis in Leishmaniases","volume":"2021","author":"Reis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-0939-z","article-title":"Oct-1 Cooperates With the TATA Binding Initiation Complex to Control Rapid Transcription of Human Inos","volume":"69","author":"Reveneau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2012.668186","article-title":"Leishmania Strains Causing Self-Healing Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Have Greater Susceptibility Towards Oxidative Stress","volume":"46","author":"Sarkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.056465","article-title":"An Exosome-Based Secretion Pathway Is Responsible for Protein Export From Leishmania and Communication With Macrophages","volume":"123","author":"Silverman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.als.2016.11.007","article-title":"Extracellular\/Circulating MicroRNAs: Release Mechanisms, Functions and Challenges","volume":"10","author":"Sohel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Achievements Life Sci."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.567","article-title":"miR-548d-3p\/TP53BP2 Axis Regulates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"5","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19746","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56327-9","article-title":"MicroRNA-548 Regulates High Mobility Group Box 1 Expression in Patients With Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis","volume":"9","author":"Son","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706x(89)90006-5","article-title":"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis of the New World: Diagnostic Immunopathology and Antigen Pathways in Skin and Mucosa","volume":"46","author":"Sotto","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2015.08.009","article-title":"American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis: mRNA Expression for Th1 and Treg Mediators Are Predominant in Patients With Recent Active Disease","volume":"221","author":"Souza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2012.02717.x","article-title":"American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis: Cytokines and Nitric Oxide in Active Disease and After Clinical Cure, With or Without Chemotherapy","volume":"76","author":"Souza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-209","article-title":"Resistance of Leishmania (Viannia) Braziliensis to Nitric Oxide: Correlation With Antimony Therapy and TNF-Alpha Production","volume":"10","author":"Souza","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.2.1191-1195.2005","article-title":"Distinct Leishmania Braziliensis Isolates Induce Different Paces of Chemokine Expression Patterns","volume":"73","author":"Teixeira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02529","article-title":"Macrophage Polarization in Leishmaniasis: Broadening Horizons","volume":"9","author":"Tomiotto-Pellissier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B70","first-page":"1530","article-title":"Induction of Maturation in Cultured Human Monocytic Leukemia Cells by a Phorbol Diester","volume":"42","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1086\/345772","article-title":"Disseminated Leishmaniasis: A New and Emerging Form of Leishmaniasis Observed in Northeastern Brazil","volume":"186","author":"Turetz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1590\/s0074-02762002000700009","article-title":"B-Cell Infiltration and Frequency of Cytokine Producing Cells Differ Between Localized and Disseminated Human Cutaneous Leishmaniases","volume":"97","author":"Vieira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W460","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv403","article-title":"Diana-miRPath v3.0: Deciphering microRNA Function With Experimental Support","volume":"43","author":"Vlachos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-010-0050-3","article-title":"TRAF-Mediated Regulation of Immune and Inflammatory Responses","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26659","article-title":"MiR-548a-3p Regulates Inflammatory Response Via TLR4\/NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.8b00514","article-title":"Label-Free Proteomic Analysis of Exosomes Secreted From THP-1-Derived Macrophages Treated With IFN-alpha Identifies Antiviral Proteins Enriched in Exosomes","volume":"18","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Proteome Res."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00888","article-title":"Distinct Molecular Mechanism for Initiating TRAF6 Signalling","volume":"418","author":"Ye","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20020588","article-title":"Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Inhibits Transcription of the Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene by Interacting With Nuclear Factor Kappab","volume":"367","author":"Yu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.06.010","article-title":"Secreted Monocytic miR-150 Enhances Targeted Endothelial Cell Migration","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.687647\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T19:14:36Z","timestamp":1699125276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.687647\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2021.687647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.687647","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"article-number":"687647"}}