{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:09:15Z","timestamp":1791950955429,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012477","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Key Research Program of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012477","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens are responsible for a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality from neonatal sepsis; however, data on these sepsis-related pathogens among hospitalized neonates in China are not well characterized. In this study, a total of 240 strains were isolated\u00a0from four Women and Children\u2019s hospitals in Southwest China between 2014 and 2019. Of these included pathogens, 104 (43.33%) were gram-positive bacteria, 129 (53.75%) were gram-negative bacteria, and 7 (2.92%) were fungi.<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, 34.01%) and<jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, 15.35%) were the main pathogen of neonate bacteremia. ST167 were the most prevalent STs in<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>and ST11 in<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae.<\/jats:italic>Our study found that<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>(62.71%) was the predominate pathogen of early-onset sepsis, among which 64.86% were MDR. Late-onset sepsis was mainly caused by<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>(28.31%) and<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>(24.78%), with showing that 78.33% of these pathogens were MDR. Notably, the prevalence of EO\/LO pathogens were quite different from Indian and south of China. Moreover, we found that<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>(42.06%) was most dominant resistant genes with about a third isolates (31.09%) were positive for<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>. All the carbapenem-resistant<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>were positive for NDM-1. Moreover, late-onset sepsis and antibiotic exposure were significantly associated with MDR infection. Emerging multi-resistant pathogens of sepsis posts a serious threat to neonatal outcomes and emphasizes an urgent need to control their further spread.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.694093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T09:35:01Z","timestamp":1626082501000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Emerging Threat of Multidrug Resistant Pathogens From Neonatal Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hua","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojiong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ligang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenglin","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Public databases for molecular typingand microbial genome diversity [Online]"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F249","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-301767","article-title":"Neonatal infections in China, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Thailand","volume":"98","author":"Al-Taiar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. 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