{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:30:05Z","timestamp":1762900205251,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infectious diseases are the disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Although many of them are permentantly hazardous, a number of them live in and on our bodies and they are normally harmless or even helpful. Under certain circumstances, some organisms may cause diseases and these infectious diseases may be passed directly from person to person or <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> intermediate vectors including insects and other animals. Dengue virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the critical and common sources of infectious diseases. So, it is critical to understand the gene expression profiling and their inferred functions in comparison to the normal and virus infected conditions. Here, we have analyzed the gene expression profiling for dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever, and normal human dataset. Similar to it, streptococcus pneumoniae infectious data were analyzed and both the outcomes were compared. Our study leads to the conclusion that the dengue hemorrhagic fever arises in result to potential change in the gene expression pattern, and the inferred functions obviously belong to the immune system, but also there are some additional potential pathways which are critical signaling pathways. In the case of pneumoniae infection, 19 pathways were enriched, almost all these pathways are associated with the immune system and 17 of the enriched pathways were common with dengue infection except platelet activation and antigen processing and presentation. In terms of the comparative study between dengue virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, we conclude that cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), MAPK signaling pathway, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction are commonly enriched in all the three cases of dengue infection and Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, focal adhesion was enriched between classical dengue fever \u2014 dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever\u2014normal samples, and SP, and antigen processing and presentation and Leukocyte transendothelial migration were enriched in classical dengue fever \u2014normal samples, dengue hemorrhagic fever\u2014normal samples, and Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.707905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T08:42:14Z","timestamp":1635410534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Gene Expression Profiling of Early Acute Febrile Stage of Dengue Infection and Its Comparative Analysis With Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Leena H.","family":"Bajrai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayed S.","family":"Sohrab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thamir A.","family":"Alandijany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mobashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muddassir","family":"Reyaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Firoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shabana","family":"Parveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esam I.","family":"Azhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.087528.108","article-title":"Global Networks of Functional Coupling in Eukaryotes From Comprehensive Data Integration","volume":"19","author":"Alexeyenko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R55","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2344","article-title":"An Integration of Complementary Strategies for Gene-Expression Analysis to Reveal Novel Therapeutic Opportunities for Breast Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Bild","year":"2009","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-091212-153448","article-title":"The Genetic Theory of Infectious Diseases: A Brief History and Selected Illustrations","volume":"14","author":"Casanova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. 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