{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:09:22Z","timestamp":1792552162817,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study investigated the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence determinants in <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic> species recovered from different freshwater sheds in rustic milieu. A\u00a0total of 118 <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic> isolates comprising <jats:italic>Vibrio fluvialis<\/jats:italic> (n=41), <jats:italic>Vibrio mimicus<\/jats:italic> (n=40) and <jats:italic>V.\u00a0vulnificus<\/jats:italic> (n=37) was identified by amplification of <jats:italic>ToxR<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>vmh<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>hsp60<\/jats:italic> genes. The amplification of virulence genes indicated that <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>mimicus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>toxR<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>zot<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ctx<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>VPI<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>ompU<\/jats:italic>) genes were detected in 12.5%, 32.5%, 45%, 37.5% and 10% respectively. <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>fluvialis<\/jats:italic> genes (<jats:italic>stn<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>hupO<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>vfh<\/jats:italic>) were harboured in 48.8%, 14.6% and 19.5% isolates congruently. The other virulence genes that include <jats:italic>vcgC<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>vcgE<\/jats:italic> were observed in 63.1% and 29% of isolates belonging to <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vulnificus<\/jats:italic>. With the exceptions of imipenem, meropenem and ciprofloxacin, most isolates exhibited more than 50% resistance to antibiotics. The antimicrobial resistance was more prevalent for polymyxin B (100%), azithromycin (100%) and least in ciprofloxacin (16.1%). Multiple antibiotic resistance index range was 0.3 and 0.8 with most isolates showing MARI of 0.8. The <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>TEM, AmpC, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>GES, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>IMP, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>OXA-48 and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>KPC genes were detected in 53.3%, 42%, 29.6%, 16.6%, 15%, 11.3% and 5.6% of the isolates. Non-beta lactamases such as streptomycin resistance (<jats:italic>aadA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>strA<\/jats:italic>), gentamicin resistance (<jats:italic>aphA1<\/jats:italic>) and quinolone resistance gene (<jats:italic>qnrVC<\/jats:italic>) were found in 5.2%, 44.3%, 26% and 2.8%. Chloramphenicol resistance genes (<jats:italic>cmlA1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>catII<\/jats:italic>) were found in 5.2% and 44.3% among the isolates. Our findings reveal the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulent <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic> species in aquatic environment which can have potential risk to human and animal\u2019s health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.732001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T08:54:53Z","timestamp":1629363293000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Vibrio Isolates From Rustic Environmental Freshwaters"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Oyama","family":"Gxalo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tennison O.","family":"Digban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bright E.","family":"Igere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola A.","family":"Olapade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony I.","family":"Okoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uchechukwu U.","family":"Nwodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.3390\/w9080562","article-title":"Ecological and Public Health Implications of the Discharge of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Physicochemical Contaminants From Treated Wastewater Effluents in the Eastern Cape, South Africa","volume":"9","author":"Adefisoye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3793","article-title":"Structural and Functional Characterization of Three Type B and C Chloramphenicol Acetyl-Transferases From Vibrio Species","volume":"29","author":"Alcala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prot. 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