{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:17:16Z","timestamp":1787163436786,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Faecal\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    can act as reservoirs for resistance genes. Here, we analyzed prevalence of drug resistance in faecal\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated from healthy children at a single kindergarten in Beijing, China, then used whole genome sequencing to characterize fluoroquinolone-non-susceptible strains. Our results revealed high resistance to ampicillin (54.0%), trimethoprim\/sulphurmethoxazole (47.5%) and tetracycline (58.9%) among 576 faecal\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, 49.2% of which exhibited multidrug resistance. A total of 113\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were not susceptible to ciprofloxacin, with four sequence types, namely ST1193 (25.7%), ST773 (13.3%), ST648 (8.8%) and ST131 (7.1%) found to be the most prevalent (54.9%). With regards to resistance to quinolones, we detected chromosomal mutations in\n                    <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>parE<\/jats:italic>\n                    in 111 (98.2%), 105 (92.9%), and 67 (61.1%) isolates, respectively.\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    (37.2%) was the major ESBL gene, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub>\n                    (12.4%) and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-27<\/jats:sub>\n                    (11.5%) were the most frequent subtypes. A total of 90 (79.6%) ExPEC and 65 (57.5%) UPEC isolates were classified. Overall, these findings revealed clonal spread of certain prevalent STs, namely ST1193, ST773, ST648 and ST131\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates in healthy children within a single kindergarten in Beijing, China, affirming the seriousness of the multidrug resistance problem and potential pathogenicity of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates in healthy children. Therefore, there is an urgent need for increased surveillance to enhance control of this problem.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.743390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T01:06:36Z","timestamp":1639357596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli in Healthy Children"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueyun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenghui","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-75","article-title":"The RAST Server: Rapid Annotations Using Subsystems Technology","volume":"9","author":"Aziz","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1206.051258","article-title":"Multidrug-Resistant Commensal Escherichia coli in Children, Peru and Bolivia","volume":"12","author":"Bartoloni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. 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