{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:32:08Z","timestamp":1791423128560,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010097","name":"China Association for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is well known that chicken CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell response is vital to clearing viral infections. However, the differences between T cell subsets expressing CD8 receptors in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have not been compared. Herein, we used Smart-Seq2 scRNA-seq technology to characterize the difference of chicken CD8<jats:sup>high+<\/jats:sup>, CD8<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup> \u03b1\u03b1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD8<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup> \u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD8<jats:sup>medium+<\/jats:sup>, and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>low+<\/jats:sup> T cell subsets from PBMCs of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J)-infected chickens. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Trend analysis revealed that genes enriched in the \u201cCytokine\u2013cytokine receptor interaction\u201d pathway were most highly expressed in the CD8<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup> \u03b1\u03b1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell population, especially T cell activation or response-related genes including CD40LG, IL2RA, IL2RB, IL17A, IL1R1, TNFRSF25, and TNFRSF11, suggesting that CD8<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup> \u03b1\u03b1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells rather than other CD8 subpopulations were more responsive to ALV-J infections. On the other hand, genes involved in the \u201cFoxO signaling pathway\u201d and \u201cTGF-beta signaling pathway\u201d were most highly expressed in the CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>low+<\/jats:sup> (CD8<jats:sup>low+<\/jats:sup>) T cell population and the function of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>low+<\/jats:sup> T cells may play roles in negatively regulating the functions of T cells based on the high expression of CCND1, ROCK1, FOXO1, FOXO3, TNFRSF18, and TNFRSF21. The selected gene expressions in CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>low+<\/jats:sup> double-positive T cells confirmed by qRT-PCR matched the Smart-Seq2 data, indicating the reliability of the smart-seq results. The high expressions of Granzyme K, Granzyme A, and CCL5 indicated the positive response of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. Conversely, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells may have the suppressor activity based on the low expression of activation molecules but high expression of T cell activity suppressor genes. These findings verified the heterogeneity and transcriptional differences of T cells expressing CD8 receptors in chicken PBMCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.747094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T07:53:55Z","timestamp":1636530835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Transcriptional Differences of Avian CD4+CD8+ Double-Positive T Cells and CD8+ T Cells From Peripheral Blood of ALV-J Infected Chickens Revealed by Smart-Seq2"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Manman","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sufang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9717-3_1","article-title":"Co-Signal Molecules in T-Cell Activation: Historical Overview and Perspective","volume":"1189","author":"Azuma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. 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