{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:05:50Z","timestamp":1792037150232,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> belongs to a genus of the protozoan parasites that causes leishmaniasis, and includes cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In this case, <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> amastigotes were found on cytomorphology examination of the bone marrow specimen, followed by 1,076 <jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic> reads using metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS). Since being definitely diagnosed with VL\/HIV coinfection, the patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin B as the parasite-resistant therapy and was discharged after clinical cure. But nearly a year later, on the mNGS follow-up, <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic> was detected in the patient\u2019s blood plasma specimen with 941 reads, suggesting that a relapse of leishmaniasis had occurred. These results indicate that leishmaniasis still exists in China and may represent a public health concern. This case could be helpful in the differential diagnosis of leishmaniasis, and for determining disease progression, prevention, and control of vectors and reservoir hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.764142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T09:06:48Z","timestamp":1639559208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Metagenomic Analysis Identifying a Rare Leishmania Infection in an Adult With AIDS"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Pingping","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqing","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengtan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qigang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0006527","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006527","article-title":"The Initial Effectiveness of Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome) and Miltefosine Combination for Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV Co-Infected Patients in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"12","author":"Abongomera","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Negl. 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