{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:12:10Z","timestamp":1787026330966,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The molecular epidemiology and biological characteristics of\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated with hemorrhagic pneumonia (HP) mink from five Chinese Provinces were determined. From 2017 to 2019, 85\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were identified from 115 lung samples of mink suffering from HP. These samples were subjected to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, detection of virulence genes, phylogenetic grouping, whole-genome sequencing, drug resistant gene, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and biofilm-forming assays.\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were divided into 18 serotypes. Thirty-nine\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains belonged to the O11 serotype. Eighty-five\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were classified into seven phylogenetic groups: E (45.9%, 39\/85), A (27.1%, 23\/85), B1 (14.1%, 12\/85), B2 (3.7%, 3\/85), D (3.7%, 3\/85), F (2.4%, 2\/85) and clade I (1.2%, 1\/85). MLST showed that the main sequence types (STs) were ST457 (27\/66), All\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains had \u22654 virulence genes. The prevalence of virulence was 98.8% for\n                    <jats:italic>yijp<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>fimC<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 96.5% for\n                    <jats:italic>iucD<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 95.3% for\n                    <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 91.8% for\n                    <jats:italic>cnf-\u2160<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 89.4% for\n                    <jats:italic>mat<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 82.3% for\n                    <jats:italic>hlyF<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and 81.2% for\n                    <jats:italic>ibeB.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The\u00a0prevalence of virulence genes\n                    <jats:italic>iss<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>cva\/cvi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>aatA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ibeA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>vat<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>hlyF<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>STa<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 3.5\u201357.6%. All\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were sensitive to sulfamethoxazole, but high resistance was shown to tetracycline (76.5%), chloramphenicol (71.8%), ciprofloxacin (63.5%) and florfenicol (52.9%), resistance to other antibiotics was 35.3\u201316.5%. The types and ratios of drug-resistance genes were\n                    <jats:italic>tet(A), strA, strB, sul2, oqxA, blaTEM-1B, floR, and catA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    had the highest frequency from 34%-65%, which were consistent with our drug resistance phenotype tetracycline, florfenicol, quinolones, chloramphenicol, the\n                    <jats:italic>bla-NDM-I<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>mcr-I<\/jats:italic>\n                    were presented in ST457 strains. Out of 85\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains, six (7.1%) possessed a strong ability, 12 (14.1%) possessed a moderate ability, and 64 (75.3%) showed a weak ability to form biofilm. Our data will aid understanding of the epidemiological background and provide a clinical basis for HP treatment in mink caused by\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.781068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T04:31:35Z","timestamp":1635395495000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Causing Hemorrhagic Pneumonia in Mink in Northern China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizhen","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongye","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangshuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xijun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.04.017","article-title":"Impact of Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Node-positive Prostate Cancer Patients: The Importance of Patient Selection","volume":"74","author":"Abdollah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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