{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T08:01:16Z","timestamp":1793347276526,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus iners<\/jats:italic>\n                    , first described in 1999, is a prevalent bacterial species of the vaginal microbiome. As\n                    <jats:italic>L. iners<\/jats:italic>\n                    does not easily grow on de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe agar, but can grow anaerobically on blood agar, it has been initially overlooked by traditional culture methods. It was not until the wide application of molecular biology techniques that the function of\n                    <jats:italic>L. iners<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the vaginal microbiome was carefully explored.\n                    <jats:italic>L. iners<\/jats:italic>\n                    has the smallest genome among known\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacilli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and it has many probiotic characteristics, but is partly different from other major vaginal\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, such as\n                    <jats:italic>L. crispatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , in contributing to the maintenance of a healthy vaginal microbiome. It is not only commonly present in the healthy vagina but quite often recovered in high numbers in bacterial vaginosis (BV). Increasing evidence suggests that\n                    <jats:italic>L. iners<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a transitional species that colonizes after the vaginal environment is disturbed and offers overall less protection against vaginal dysbiosis and, subsequently, leads to BV, sexually transmitted infections, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Accordingly, under certain conditions,\n                    <jats:italic>L. iners<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a genuine vaginal symbiont, but it also seems to be an opportunistic pathogen. Further studies are necessary to identify the exact role of this intriguing species in vaginal health and diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.792787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T01:32:10Z","timestamp":1637544730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":254,"title":["Contribution of Lactobacillus iners to Vaginal Health and Diseases: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nengneng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renyong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongxin","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036466","article-title":"A Metagenomic Approach to Characterization of the Vaginal Microbiome Signature in Pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"Aagaard","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9051069","article-title":"Study of the Vaginal Microbiota in Healthy Women of Reproductive Age","volume":"9","author":"Alonzo Martinez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1810660","article-title":"Lactobacillus Species Signature in Association With Term and Preterm Births From Low-Income Group of Pakistan","author":"Aslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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