{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:19:34Z","timestamp":1790669974932,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> is a serious hazard to public health and animal husbandry. Due to the current dilemma of treatment of toxoplasmosis, it is urgent to find new anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> drugs to treat toxoplasmosis. In this study, the anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> activity of Origanum vulgare essential oil (<jats:italic>Ov<\/jats:italic> EO) was firstly studied, and then, carvanol (Ca), the main ingredient of <jats:italic>Ov<\/jats:italic> EO was evaluated using the MTT assay on human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay on HFF cells. The CC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of <jats:italic>Ov<\/jats:italic> EO and Ca was 134.9 and 43.93 \u03bcg\/ml, respectively. Both of them exhibited anti-parasitic activity, and inhibited the growth of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> in a dose-dependent manner. For the inhibition effect, Ca was better than <jats:italic>Ov<\/jats:italic> EO at the same concentration, the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of <jats:italic>Ov<\/jats:italic> EO and Ca was 16.08 and 7.688 \u03bcg\/ml, respectively. In addition, treatment with Ca, was found to change the morphology of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> tachyzoites and made their shapes curl up. These results showed that Ca was able to inhibit the proliferation of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> by reducing invasion, which may be due to its detrimental effect on the mobility of tachyzoites. Our results indicated that Ca could be a potential new and effective drug for treating toxoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.793089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T05:55:55Z","timestamp":1637560555000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluation of Origanum vulgare Essential Oil and Its Active Ingredients as Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Toxoplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Kang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao-Feng","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan-Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Ping","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9091836","article-title":"Evaluation of Plant Origin Essential Oils as Herbal Biocides for the Protection of Caves Belonging to Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites","volume":"9","author":"Argyri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01442-18","article-title":"Effects of PERK Eif2\u03b1 Kinase Inhibitor Against Toxoplasma Gondii","volume":"62","author":"Augusto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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