{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T07:10:30Z","timestamp":1790493030234,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18H02651, JP20H03481, JP21H02724, JP21K06990, JP21KK0138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18H02651, JP20H03481, JP21H02724, JP21K06990, JP21KK0138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013996","name":"Global Health Innovative Technology Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G2019-111, G2019-205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2019-111, G2019-205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TMA2020CDF-3203-EndPAMAL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TMA2020CDF-3203-EndPAMAL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Control measures have significantly reduced malaria morbidity and mortality in the last two decades; however, the downward trends have stalled and have become complicated by the emergence of COVID-19. Significant efforts have been made to develop malaria vaccines, but currently only the RTS,S\/AS01 vaccine against\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been recommended by the WHO, for widespread use among children in sub-Saharan Africa. The efficacy of RTS,S\/AS01 is modest, and therefore the development of more efficacious vaccines is still needed. In addition, the development of transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) to reduce the parasite transmission from humans to mosquitoes is required toward the goal of malaria elimination. Few TBVs have reached clinical development, and challenges include low immunogenicity or high reactogenicity in humans. Therefore, novel approaches to accelerate TBV research and development are urgently needed, especially novel TBV candidate discovery. In this mini review we summarize the progress in TBV research and development, novel TBV candidate discovery, and discuss how to accelerate novel TBV candidate discovery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.805482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T14:48:17Z","timestamp":1638370097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Identification of Novel Malaria Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Candidates"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Eizo","family":"Takashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Tachibana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikaru","family":"Nagaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard N.","family":"Kanoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Tsuboi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30937-7","article-title":"RTS,S Malaria Vaccine Pilots in Three African Countries","volume":"393","author":"Adepoju","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.11.024","article-title":"Targeting the Conserved Fusion Loop of HAP2 Inhibits the Transmission of Plasmodium Berghei and Falciparum","volume":"21","author":"Angrisano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119335","article-title":"Recombinant Pvs48\/45 Antigen Expressed in E. Coli Generates Antibodies That Block Malaria Transmission in Anopheles Albimanus Mosquitoes","volume":"10","author":"Arevalo-Herrera","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01222-13","article-title":"Antibodies to a Single, Conserved Epitope in Anopheles APN1 Inhibit Universal Transmission of Plasmodium Falciparum and Plasmodium Vivax Malaria","volume":"82","author":"Armistead","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2101746","article-title":"Evidence of Artemisinin-Resistant Malaria in Africa","volume":"385","author":"Balikagala","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00309-4","article-title":"Immunofocusing Humoral Immunity Potentiates the Functional Efficacy of the AnAPN1 Malaria Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Antigen","volume":"6","author":"Bender","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00190","article-title":"Current Challenges in the Identification of Pre-Erythrocytic Malaria Vaccine Candidate Antigens","volume":"11","author":"Bettencourt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.06.069","article-title":"Plasmodium Berghei HAP2 Induces Strong Malaria Transmission-Blocking Immunity In Vivo and In Vitro","volume":"27","author":"Blagborough","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-018-0065-5","article-title":"Antibody Targeting of a Specific Region of Pfs47 Blocks Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Transmission","volume":"3","author":"Canepa","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/263057a0","article-title":"Malaria Transmission Blocked by Immunisation With Gametes of the Malaria Parasite","volume":"263","author":"Carter","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(84)90116-6","article-title":"Characterization of Antigens on Mosquito Midgut Stages of Plasmodium Gallinaceum. III. Changes in Zygote Surface Proteins During Transformation to Mature Ookinete","volume":"13","author":"Carter","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10030346","article-title":"Targeting Gametocytes of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum in a Functional Genomics Era: Next Steps","volume":"10","author":"Chawla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00943-0","article-title":"Efficacy of a Low-Dose Candidate Malaria Vaccine, R21 in Adjuvant Matrix-M, With Seasonal Administration to Children in Burkina Faso: A Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"397","author":"Datoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12828","article-title":"Immunity Against Sexual Stage Plasmodium Falciparum and Plasmodium Vivax Parasites","volume":"293","author":"De Jong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808859","article-title":"Artemisinin Resistance in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria","volume":"361","author":"Dondorp","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1878028","article-title":"Transmission-Blocking Vaccines: Harnessing Herd Immunity for Malaria Elimination","volume":"20","author":"Duffy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.3.1109-1113.1997","article-title":"A Novel Malaria Protein, Pfs28, and Pfs25 are Genetically Linked and Synergistic as Falciparum Malaria Transmission-Blocking Vaccines","volume":"65","author":"Duffy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B18","volume-title":"Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap","author":"Group","year":"2013"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1126\/science.959832","article-title":"Successful Immunization Against the Sexual Stages of Plasmodium Gallinaceum","volume":"193","author":"Gwadz","year":"1976","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI146221","article-title":"Pfs230 Yields Higher Malaria Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Activity Than Pfs25 in Humans But Not Mice","volume":"131","author":"Healy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.03.045","article-title":"Male Fertility of Malaria Parasites Is Determined by GCS1, a Plant-Type Reproduction Factor","volume":"18","author":"Hirai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6618","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.68.12.6618-6623.2000","article-title":"Antibodies to Malaria Vaccine Candidates Pvs25 and Pvs28 Completely Block the Ability of Plasmodium Vivax to Infect Mosquitoes","volume":"68","author":"Hisaeda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(58)90036-5","article-title":"Changes in Infectiousness of Malarial Gametocytes. II. Analysis of the Possible Causative Factors","volume":"7","author":"Huff","year":"1958","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1676","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1217712110","article-title":"Transposon Mutagenesis Identifies Genes Essential for Plasmodium Falciparum Gametocytogenesis","volume":"110","author":"Ikadai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2020.102224","article-title":"Leveraging the Wheat Germ Cell-Free Protein Synthesis System to Accelerate Malaria Vaccine Development","volume":"80","author":"Kanoi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitol Int."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.08.058","article-title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Antibody Responses to Plasmodium Falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 Domains","volume":"36","author":"Kanoi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5576","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.12.5576-5580.1994","article-title":"Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Recombinant Pfs25 Adsorbed to Alum Elicits Antibodies That Block Transmission of Plasmodium Falciparum","volume":"62","author":"Kaslow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/333074a0","article-title":"A Vaccine Candidate From the Sexual Stage of Human Malaria That Contains EGF-Like Domains","volume":"333","author":"Kaslow","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M116.058263","article-title":"Proteomic Analysis of the Plasmodium Berghei Gametocyte Egressome and Vesicular bioID of Osmiophilic Body Proteins Identifies Merozoite TRAP-Like Protein (MTRAP) as an Essential Factor for Parasite Transmission","volume":"15","author":"Kehrer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90158-T","article-title":"Cloning and Expression of the Gene Coding for the Transmission Blocking Target Antigen Pfs48\/45 of Plasmodium Falciparum","volume":"61","author":"Kocken","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1459-8","article-title":"Characterization of a Plasmodium Berghei Sexual Stage Antigen PbPH as a New Candidate for Malaria Transmission-Blocking Vaccine","volume":"9","author":"Kou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(85)90032-5","article-title":"Biosynthesis of Two Stage-Specific Membrane Proteins During Transformation of Plasmodium Gallinaceum Zygotes Into Ookinetes","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6087","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw536","article-title":"Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of P. Falciparum Gametocytes: Molecular Insight Into Sex-Specific Processes and Translational Repression","volume":"44","author":"Lasonder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00785-17","article-title":"Characterization of Plasmodium Berghei Pbg37 as Both a Pre- and Postfertilization Antigen With Transmission-Blocking Potential","volume":"86","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1656508","article-title":"The Conserved Plant Sterility Gene HAP2 Functions After Attachment of Fusogenic Membranes in Chlamydomonas and Plasmodium Gametes","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.13294","article-title":"A Conserved Malaria Parasite Antigen Pb22 Plays a Critical Role in Male Gametogenesis in Plasmodium Berghei","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0841-4","article-title":"Development and Validation of Serological Markers for Detecting Recent Plasmodium Vivax Infection","volume":"26","author":"Longley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19913","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.732305","article-title":"Structural and Immunological Characterization of Recombinant 6-Cysteine Domains of the Plasmodium Falciparum Sexual Stage Protein Pfs230","volume":"291","author":"Macdonald","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18840-7","article-title":"Probabilistic Data Integration Identifies Reliable Gametocyte-Specific Proteins and Transcripts in Malaria Parasites","volume":"8","author":"Meerstein-Kessel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057909","article-title":"Qualification of Standard Membrane-Feeding Assay With Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria and Potential Improvements for Future Assays","volume":"8","author":"Miura","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2019.1674145","article-title":"Malaria Transmission-Blocking Vaccines: Wheat Germ Cell-Free Technology can Accelerate Vaccine Development","volume":"18","author":"Miura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4377","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01056-13","article-title":"Functional Comparison of Plasmodium Falciparum Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Candidates by the Standard Membrane-Feeding Assay","volume":"81","author":"Miura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62238-2","article-title":"Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap","volume":"382","author":"Moorthy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46086","article-title":"Immunoscreening of Plasmodium Falciparum Proteins Expressed in a Wheat Germ Cell-Free System Reveals a Novel Malaria Vaccine Candidate","volume":"7","author":"Morita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.774537","article-title":"Characterization of Naturally Acquired Immunity to a Panel of Antigens Expressed in Mature P. Falciparum Gametocytes","volume":"11","author":"Muthui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.RA117.000036","article-title":"Functional Characterization and Comparison of Plasmodium Falciparum Proteins as Targets of Transmission-Blocking Antibodies","volume":"19","author":"Nikolaeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2017.1341317","article-title":"Blood-Stage Malaria Vaccines: Post-Genome Strategies for the Identification of Novel Vaccine Candidates","volume":"16","author":"Ntege","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4301","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800459105","article-title":"Correctly Folded Pfs48\/45 Protein of Plasmodium Falciparum Elicits Malaria Transmission-Blocking Immunity in Mice","volume":"105","author":"Outchkourov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1873135","article-title":"Structural Vaccinology of Malaria Transmission-Blocking Vaccines","volume":"20","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.02.011","article-title":"Evaluation of Plasmodium Vivax HAP2 as a Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Candidate","volume":"38","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60721-8","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of RTS,S\/AS01 Malaria Vaccine With or Without a Booster Dose in Infants and Children in Africa: Final Results of a Phase 3, Individually Randomised, Controlled Trial","volume":"386","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30344-X","article-title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of Pfs25H-EPA\/Alhydrogel, a Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Against Plasmodium Falciparum: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Comparator-Controlled, Dose-Escalation Study in Healthy Malian Adults","volume":"18","author":"Sagara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.11.038","article-title":"The Plasmodium Berghei Sexual Stage Antigen PSOP12 Induces Anti-Malarial Transmission Blocking Immunity Both In Vivo and In Vitro","volume":"33","author":"Sala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02646-2","article-title":"Unravelling the Immune Signature of Plasmodium Falciparum Transmission-Reducing Immunity","volume":"9","author":"Stone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.02.058","article-title":"The C-Terminal Region of the Plasmodium Yoelii Microgamete Surface Antigen PyMiGS Induces Potent Anti-Malarial Transmission-Blocking Immunity in Mice","volume":"38","author":"Tachibana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12821","article-title":"A Male Gametocyte Osmiophilic Body and Microgamete Surface Protein of the Rodent Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Yoelii (PyMiGS) Plays a Critical Role in Male Osmiophilic Body Formation and Exflagellation","volume":"20","author":"Tachibana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.10.067","article-title":"The Plasmodium Yoelii Microgamete Surface Antigen (PyMiGS) Induces Anti-Malarial Transmission Blocking Immunity That Reduces Microgamete Motility\/Release From Activated Male Gametocytes","volume":"36","author":"Tachibana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.01.003","article-title":"Plasmodium Vivax Gametocyte Protein Pvs230 Is a Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Candidate","volume":"30","author":"Tachibana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.03.008","article-title":"Plasmodium Vivax Gametocyte Proteins, Pvs48\/45 and Pvs47, Induce Transmission-Reducing Antibodies by DNA Immunization","volume":"33","author":"Tachibana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163144","article-title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of Pfs25-EPA\/Alhydrogel(R), a Transmission Blocking Vaccine Against Plasmodium Falciparum: An Open Label Study in Malaria Naive Adults","volume":"11","author":"Talaat","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.6.2260-2264.1997","article-title":"Two Antigens on Zygotes and Ookinetes of Plasmodium Yoelii and Plasmodium Berghei That are Distinct Targets of Transmission-Blocking Immunity","volume":"65","author":"Tsuboi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(96)02821-6","article-title":"Primary Structure of a Novel Ookinete Surface Protein From Plasmodium Berghei","volume":"85","author":"Tsuboi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(97)00049-2","article-title":"Comparison of Plasmodium Yoelii Ookinete Surface Antigens With Human and Avian Malaria Parasite Homologues Reveals Two Highly Conserved Regions","volume":"87","author":"Tsuboi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401770","article-title":"Sequence Polymorphism in Two Novel Plasmodium Vivax Ookinete Surface Proteins, Pvs25 and Pvs28, That Are Malaria Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Candidates","volume":"4","author":"Tsuboi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/s1383-5769(02)00037-5","article-title":"Transmission-Blocking Vaccine of Vivax Malaria","volume":"52","author":"Tsuboi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitol Int."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000853","article-title":"Three Members of the 6-Cys Protein Family of Plasmodium Play a Role in Gamete Fertility","volume":"6","author":"Van Dijk","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2006.05.015","article-title":"Pfs47, Paralog of the Male Fertility Factor Pfs48\/45, Is a Female Specific Surface Protein in Plasmodium Falciparum","volume":"149","author":"Van Schaijk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.162.5.1460","article-title":"Sequential Expression of Antigens on Sexual Stages of Plasmodium Falciparum Accessible to Transmission-Blocking Antibodies in the Mosquito","volume":"162","author":"Vermeulen","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1126\/science.acx9344","article-title":"WHO Gives First Malaria Vaccine the Green Light","volume":"374","author":"Vogel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30561-4","article-title":"Preparedness Is Essential for Malaria-Endemic Regions During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"395","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-2107-2","article-title":"Characterization of Pb51 in Plasmodium Berghei as a Malaria Vaccine Candidate Targeting Both Asexual Erythrocytic Proliferation and Transmission","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00239-X","article-title":"Immunogenicity of the RTS,S\/AS01 Malaria Vaccine and Implications for Duration of Vaccine Efficacy: Secondary Analysis of Data From a Phase 3 Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"15","author":"White","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B73","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2020","year":"2020"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90058-6","article-title":"Cloning and Expression of the Gene for Plasmodium Falciparum Transmission-Blocking Target Antigen, Pfs230","volume":"58","author":"Williamson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(95)02507-3","article-title":"Recombinant Pfs230, a Plasmodium Falciparum Gametocyte Protein, Induces Antisera That Reduce the Infectivity of Plasmodium Falciparum to Mosquitoes","volume":"75","author":"Williamson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.04.011","article-title":"Identification of Three Ookinete-Specific Genes and Evaluation of Their Transmission-Blocking Potentials in Plasmodium Berghei","volume":"34","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1932-4","article-title":"Functional Characterization of Plasmodium Berghei PSOP25 During Ookinete Development and as a Malaria Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Candidate","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.805482\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T14:48:22Z","timestamp":1638370102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.805482\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2021.805482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.805482","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"article-number":"805482"}}