{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:02:34Z","timestamp":1792609354956,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating the host immune systems. It is well established that various commensal microbial species can induce the differentiation of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T helper subsets such as Foxp3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells in antigen-dependent manner. The ability of certain microbial species to induce either Treg cells or Th17 cells is often linked to the altered susceptibility to certain immune disorders that are provoked by aberrant T cell response against self-antigens. These findings raise an important question as to how gut microbiota can regulate T cell repertoire and the activation of autoreactive T cells. This review will highlight microbiota-dependent regulation of thymic T cell development, maintenance of T cell repertoire in the secondary lymphoid tissues and the intestine, and microbiota-mediated modulation of autoreactive and tumor neoantigen-specific T cells in autoimmune diseases and tumors, respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1004339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T01:45:57Z","timestamp":1665625557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Regulation of T cell repertoires by commensal microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kwang Soon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3962","article-title":"Hair follicle-derived IL-7 and IL-15 mediate skin-resident memory T cell homeostasis and lymphoma","volume":"21","author":"Adachi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.9","article-title":"AIRE expands: New roles in immune tolerance and beyond","volume":"16","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw7479","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila induces intestinal adaptive immune responses during homeostasis","volume":"364","author":"Ansaldo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12726","article-title":"Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation","volume":"504","author":"Arpaia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12331","article-title":"Treg induction by a rationally selected mixture of clostridia strains from the human microbiota","volume":"500","author":"Atarashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198469","article-title":"Induction of colonic regulatory T cells by indigenous clostridium species","volume":"331","author":"Atarashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.06.002","article-title":"Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids promote the memory potential of antigen-activated CD8(+) T cells","volume":"51","author":"Bachem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0479-x","article-title":"Flip the coin: IL-7 and IL-7R in health and disease","volume":"20","author":"Barata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb5920","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplant promotes response in immunotherapy-refractory melanoma patients","volume":"371","author":"Baruch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141711","article-title":"The biology of NKT cells","volume":"25","author":"Bendelac","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10719","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711233114","article-title":"Gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis patients enables spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice","volume":"114","author":"Berer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10554","article-title":"Commensal microbiota and myelin autoantigen cooperate to trigger autoimmune demyelination","volume":"479","author":"Berer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.10.007","article-title":"Segmented filamentous bacteria provoke lung autoimmunity by inducing gut-lung axis Th17 cells expressing dual TCRs","volume":"22","author":"Bradley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2193-0","article-title":"Bacterial metabolism of bile acids promotes generation of peripheral regulatory T cells","volume":"581","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12079","article-title":"Thymus-derived regulatory T cells contribute to tolerance to commensal microbiota","volume":"497","author":"Cebula","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.11.014","article-title":"T Cell receptor-dependent regulation of lipid rafts controls naive CD8+ T cell homeostasis","volume":"32","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-06-434779","article-title":"IL-7 induces expression and activation of integrin alpha4beta7 promoting naive T-cell homing to the intestinal mucosa","volume":"120","author":"Cimbro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.09.017","article-title":"An interleukin-21-interleukin-10-STAT3 pathway is critical for functional maturation of memory CD8+ T cells","volume":"35","author":"Cui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf3363","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients","volume":"371","author":"Davar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1992","article-title":"FoxP3(+) regulatory CD4 T cells control the generation of functional CD8 memory","volume":"3","author":"de Goer de Herve","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1915047117","article-title":"Intestinal microbes influence development of thymic lymphocytes in early life","volume":"117","author":"Ennamorati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz3834","article-title":"Are noncommunicable diseases communicable","volume":"367","author":"Finlay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax0701","article-title":"Cross-reactivity between tumor MHC class I-restricted antigens and an enterococcal bacteriophage","volume":"369","author":"Fluckiger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12721","article-title":"Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells","volume":"504","author":"Furusawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.03.021","article-title":"Intestinal bacterial colonization induces mutualistic regulatory T cell responses","volume":"34","author":"Geuking","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4236","article-title":"Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients","volume":"359","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1785-z","article-title":"Bile acid metabolites control TH17 and treg cell differentiation","volume":"576","author":"Hang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04252-y","article-title":"The impact of the gut microbiota on T cell ontogeny in the thymus","volume":"79","author":"Hebbandi Nanjundappa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.07.014","article-title":"Microbiota-dependent activation of an autoreactive T cell receptor provokes autoimmunity in an immunologically privileged site","volume":"43","author":"Horai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00426-6","article-title":"How transcription factors drive choice of the T cell fate","volume":"21","author":"Hosokawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3155","article-title":"Selection of regulatory T cells in the thymus","volume":"12","author":"Hsieh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0435-8","article-title":"Recent insights of T cell receptor-mediated signaling pathways for T cell activation and development","volume":"52","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.09.033","article-title":"Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria","volume":"139","author":"Ivanov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26351-3","article-title":"Self-reactivity controls functional diversity of naive CD8(+) T cells by co-opting tonic type I interferon","volume":"12","author":"Ju","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1689","article-title":"Foxo1 links homing and survival of naive T cells by regulating l-selectin, CCR7 and interleukin 7 receptor","volume":"10","author":"Kerdiles","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac5560","article-title":"Dietary antigens limit mucosal immunity by inducing regulatory T cells in the small intestine","volume":"351","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01907","article-title":"Spontaneous proliferation of CD4(+) T cells in RAG-deficient hosts promotes antigen-independent but IL-2-Dependent strong proliferative response of naive CD8(+) T cells","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3667","article-title":"Positive and negative selection of the T cell repertoire: what thymocytes see (and don't see)","volume":"14","author":"Klein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01281","article-title":"Intestinal barrier interactions with specialized CD8 T cells","volume":"8","author":"Konjar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.10","article-title":"The multifaceted role of CD4(+) T cells in CD8(+) T cell memory","volume":"16","author":"Laidlaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3224","article-title":"Production of IL-10 by CD4(+) regulatory T cells during the resolution of infection promotes the maturation of memory CD8(+) T cells","volume":"16","author":"Laidlaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10434","article-title":"Peripheral education of the immune system by colonic commensal microbiota","volume":"478","author":"Lathrop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.11.026","article-title":"Serum amyloid a proteins induce pathogenic Th17 cells and promote inflammatory disease","volume":"180","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4615","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000082107","article-title":"Proinflammatory T-cell responses to gut microbiota promote experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.565096","article-title":"Predicting cross-reactivity and antigen specificity of T cell receptors","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw2719","article-title":"Microbial metabolites control the thymic development of mucosal-associated invariant T cells","volume":"366","author":"Legoux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.09.009","article-title":"And functions: the microbial connection","volume":"53","author":"Legoux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc3421","article-title":"Microbiome-derived inosine modulates response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy","volume":"369","author":"Mager","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3713","article-title":"Gut microbial metabolites limit the frequency of autoimmune T cells and protect against type 1 diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Marino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.07.005","article-title":"Interleukin-7 availability is maintained by a hematopoietic cytokine sink comprising innate lymphoid cells and T cells","volume":"47","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao3290","article-title":"The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients","volume":"359","author":"Matson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.08.009","article-title":"Tissue-specific features of innate lymphoid cells","volume":"41","author":"Meininger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2634-9","article-title":"Gut microorganisms act together to exacerbate inflammation in spinal cords","volume":"585","author":"Miyauchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00727-y","article-title":"The impact of the gut microbiome on extra-intestinal autoimmune diseases","author":"Miyauchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02610-3","article-title":"NetTCR-2.0 enables accurate prediction of TCR-peptide binding by using paired TCRalpha and beta sequence data","volume":"4","author":"Montemurro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.08.014","article-title":"Cognate recognition of microbial antigens defines constricted CD4(+) T cell receptor repertoires in the inflamed colon","volume":"54","author":"Muschaweck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105904","article-title":"Commensal bacteria regulate thymic aire expression","volume":"9","author":"Nakajima","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1292","article-title":"The many important facets of T-cell repertoire diversity","volume":"4","author":"Nikolich-Zugich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12770","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516617112","article-title":"Requirement of full TCR repertoire for regulatory T cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis","volume":"112","author":"Nishio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac4263","article-title":"MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY. the microbiota regulates type 2 immunity through RORgammat(+) T cells","volume":"349","author":"Ohnmacht","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02067","article-title":"Development and maintenance of b and T lymphocytes requires antiapoptotic MCL-1","volume":"426","author":"Opferman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-022-00491-1","article-title":"Regulation of tissue-resident memory T cells by the microbiota","volume":"15","author":"Overacre-Delgoffe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01201-8","article-title":"High-throughput and single-cell T cell receptor sequencing technologies","volume":"18","author":"Pai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821","article-title":"A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing","volume":"464","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03512-6","article-title":"Molecular mimicry between tumor associated antigens and microbiota-derived epitopes","volume":"20","author":"Ragone","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12204","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909122107","article-title":"Inducible Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell development by a commensal bacterium of the intestinal microbiota","volume":"107","author":"Round","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan3706","article-title":"Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors","volume":"359","author":"Routy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2017.65","article-title":"Antigen-specific regulatory T-cell responses to intestinal microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Russler-Germain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.06.025","article-title":"Interferon-Gamma-Producing CD8(+) tissue resident memory T cells are a targetable hallmark of immune checkpoint inhibitor-colitis","volume":"161","author":"Sasson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa9420","article-title":"MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY. individual intestinal symbionts induce a distinct population of RORgamma(+) regulatory T cells","volume":"349","author":"Sefik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc4552","article-title":"The microbiome and human cancer","volume":"371","author":"Sepich-Poore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040441","article-title":"Commensal microflora and interferon-gamma promote steady-state interleukin-7 production in vivo","volume":"40","author":"Shalapour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241165","article-title":"The microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, regulate colonic treg cell homeostasis","volume":"341","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13037","article-title":"Impact of gut microbiota on gut-distal autoimmunity: a focus on T cells","volume":"156","author":"Sprouse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.11.002","article-title":"Homeostasis of naive and memory T cells","volume":"29","author":"Surh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160526","article-title":"Microbial antigen mimics activate diabetogenic CD8 T cells in NOD mice","volume":"213","author":"Tai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.013","article-title":"Fezf2 orchestrates a thymic program of self-antigen expression for immune tolerance","volume":"163","author":"Takaba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.36","article-title":"Development and maintenance of intestinal regulatory T cells","volume":"16","author":"Tanoue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1617460113","article-title":"Identifying species of symbiont bacteria from the human gut that, alone, can induce intestinal Th17 cells in mice","volume":"113","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0904028","article-title":"Expression of Helios, an ikaros transcription factor family member, differentiates thymic-derived from peripherally induced Foxp3+ T regulatory cells","volume":"184","author":"Thornton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI124332","article-title":"Gut microbiota modulate dendritic cell antigen presentation and radiotherapy-induced antitumor immune response","volume":"130","author":"Uribe-Herranz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aat6975","article-title":"Cell surface polysaccharides of bifidobacterium bifidum induce the generation of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells","volume":"3","author":"Verma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad1329","article-title":"Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota","volume":"350","author":"Vetizou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16081-3","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signaling in thymic epithelium controls monocyte-derived dendritic cell recruitment and treg generation","volume":"11","author":"Voboril","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20120914","article-title":"Neuropilin 1 is expressed on thymus-derived natural regulatory T cells, but not mucosa-generated induced Foxp3+ T reg cells","volume":"209","author":"Weiss","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070618","article-title":"Bim\/Bcl-2 balance is critical for maintaining naive and memory T cell homeostasis","volume":"204","author":"Wojciechowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25500","article-title":"C-MAF-dependent regulatory T cells mediate immunological tolerance to a gut pathobiont","volume":"554","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170518","article-title":"IL-7-dependent maintenance of ILC3s is required for normal entry of lymphocytes into lymph nodes","volume":"215","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03531-1","article-title":"Thymic development of gut-microbiota-specific T cells","volume":"594","author":"Zegarra-Ruiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01549-2","article-title":"Are immune-related adverse events associated with the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer? a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1004339\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T01:46:00Z","timestamp":1665625560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1004339\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1004339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1004339","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"article-number":"1004339"}}